Table 3.
Univariable analysis of predictors for overall morbidity
| Characteristicsa | Total (N=1,025) | Without morbidity (N=706) | With morbidity | P-valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N=319) | Minor morbidity (N=284) | Major morbidity (N=152) | ||||
| Median age (years) | 62 (57–67) | 62 (55–67) | 63 (58–69) | 63 (59–69) | 63 (57–69) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 530 (51.7%) | 330 (46.7%) | 200 (62.7%) | 177 (62.3%) | 100 (65.8%) | <0.001 |
| Female | 495 (48.3%) | 376 (53.3%) | 119 (37.3%) | 107 (37.7%) | 52 (34.2%) | |
| Median body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.3 (21.1–25.2) | 23.3 (21.4–25.1) | 22.7 (20.4–25.6) | 22.8 (20.5–25.8) | 22.3 (19.7–25.6) | 0.11 |
| Median FEV1% | 83.8 (73.8–92.7) | 85.5 (76.5–94.7) | 79.5 (67.5–89.8) | 79.1 (65.8–90.0) | 79.0 (65.6–90.2) | <0.001 |
| Median FEV1/FVC (%) | 79.0 (74.2–83.5) | 79.4 (75.4–84.1) | 77.9 (70.9–82.3) | 77.3 (70.7–82.4) | 77.3 (68.9–82.5) | <0.001 |
| Median neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | 1.9 (1.4–2.5) | 1.8 (1.4–2.5) | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | 1.9 (1.6–2.4) | 2.0 (1.6–2.7) | 0.007 |
| Median platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 91.5 (72.4–120.0) | 90.4 (70.2–117.0) | 95.9 (77.4–126.7) | 94.8 (77.2–125.5) | 102.9 (86.6–134.4) | 0.014 |
| Median Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.6 (12.8–14.6) | 13.5 (12.8–14.5) | 13.7 (12.9–14.8) | 13.7 (12.9–14.7) | 13.6 (12.8–14.8) | 0.091 |
| Systemic inflammation score | ||||||
| 0 | 470 (45.9%) | 346 (49.0%) | 124 (38.9%) | 111 (39.1%) | 54 (35.5%) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 413 (40.3%) | 288 (40.8%) | 125 (39.2%) | 109 (38.4%) | 62 (40.8%) | |
| 2 | 142 (13.9%) | 72 (10.2%) | 70 (21.9%) | 64 (22.5%) | 36 (23.7%) | |
| Smoking history | 380 (37.1%) | 235 (33.3%) | 145 (45.5%) | 130 (45.8%) | 79 (52.0%) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory comorbidity | 400 (39.0%) | 219 (31.0%) | 181 (56.7%) | 156 (54.9%) | 101 (66.4%) | <0.001 |
| Cardio-cerebrovascular comorbidity | 382 (37.3%) | 241 (34.1%) | 141 (44.2%) | 124 (43.7%) | 74 (48.7%) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 112 (10.9%) | 78 (11.0%) | 34 (10.7%) | 28 (9.9%) | 16 (10.5%) | 0.85 |
| Renal insufficiency | 89 (8.7%) | 56 (7.9%) | 33 (10.3%) | 30 (10.6%) | 19 (12.5%) | 0.21 |
| Steroid use | 31 (3.0%) | 23 (3.3%) | 8 (2.5%) | 8 (2.8%) | 7 (4.6%) | 0.52 |
| Tumor location | ||||||
| Right upper lobe | 334 (32.6%) | 217 (30.7%) | 117 (36.7%) | 107 (37.7%) | 48 (31.6%) | 0.060 |
| Left upper lobe | 261 (25.5%) | 189 (26.8%) | 72 (22.6%) | 66 (23.2%) | 39 (25.7%) | |
| Right lower lobe | 193 (18.8%) | 124 (17.6%) | 69 (21.6%) | 59 (20.8%) | 35 (23.0%) | |
| Left lower lobe | 149 (14.5%) | 113 (16.0%) | 36 (11.3%) | 33 (11.6%) | 15 (9.9%) | |
| Right middle lobe | 88 (8.6%) | 63 (8.9%) | 25 (7.8%) | 19 (6.7%) | 15 (9.9%) | |
| Dense pleural adhesion | ||||||
| Absent | 935 (91.2%) | 654 (92.6%) | 281 (88.1%) | 250 (88.0%) | 129 (84.9%) | 0.017 |
| Present | 90 (8.8%) | 52 (7.4%) | 38 (11.9%) | 34 (12.0%) | 23 (15.1%) | |
| Pulmonary fissure completeness | ||||||
| Complete | 596 (58.1%) | 433 (62.4%) | 145 (45.5%) | 127 (44.7%) | 56 (36.8%) | <0.001 |
| Incomplete | 429 (41.9%) | 255 (36.1%) | 174 (54.5%) | 157 (55.3%) | 96 (63.2%) | |
| Median estimated intraoperative blood loss (mL) | 50 (20–50) | 30 (20–50) | 50 (30–100) | 50 (30–100) | 50 (30–100) | <0.001 |
| Median operation time (mins) | 100 (80–130) | 95 (75–120) | 120 (100–160) | 120 (100–170) | 130 (110–175) | <0.001 |
| Histological subtypes | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 822 (80.2%) | 559 (79.2%) | 263 (82.4%) | 234 (82.4%) | 116 (76.3%) | 0.22 |
| Non-adenocarcinoma | 203 (19.8%) | 147 (20.8%) | 56 (17.6%) | 50 (17.6%) | 36 (23.7%) | |
| Tumor invasion (T-stage) | ||||||
| T1 | 627 (61.2%) | 455 (64.4%) | 172 (53.9%) | 155 (54.6%) | 79 (52.0%) | 0.001 |
| T2-3 | 398 (38.8%) | 251 (35.6%) | 147 (46.1%) | 129 (45.4%) | 73 (48.0%) | |
| Lymph node metastasis (N-stage) | ||||||
| N0 | 966 (94.2%) | 678 (96.0%) | 288 (90.3%) | 256 (90.1%) | 135 (88.8%) | <0.001 |
| N1-2 | 59 (5.8%) | 28 (4.0%) | 31 (9.7%) | 28 (9.9%) | 17 (11.2%) | |
Notes: aThe continuous data were presented as medians with 25th–75th percentile intervals. bP-value indicates demographic differences between patients with and without any Clavien-Dindo grade ≥II complication. FEV1/FVC, FEV1 to FVC ratio.