Table 1.
Summary of prior studies of ISCM treatment and outcome
| References | Date | Number of pts | Sex | Median age (years) | Primary tumor | Location of ISCM | Presence of other metastases | Treatment strategy | Outcome of neurological status post management | Overall median survival (range)(days) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Cervical | Thoracic | Lumbar to Conus | Brain | Other systemic | Improved | Unchanged | Deteriorated | |||||||
| Sung et al1 | 2013 | 301 | 143 | 116 | 56 (4–82) | Lung 144 (47.8%) | 122 (41%) | 102 (34%) | 113 (38%) | n=214 | n=198 | Surgery 89 (40%) | 51 (33%) | 66 (43%) | 36 (24%) | 120 (4–1800) |
| Breast 48 (15.9%) | 131 (61%) | 127 (64%) | Surgery 36 | Surgery 19 | Surgery 7 | Surgery | ||||||||||
| Melanoma 18 (5.9%) | Conservative treatment 107 (48%) | Conservative treatment 15 | Conservative treatment 45 | Conservative treatment 12 | 180 (14–720) | |||||||||||
| Renal cell 17 (5.6%) | Palliative treatment | Palliative treatment 0 | Palliative treatment 2 | Palliative treatment 17 | Conservative treatment | |||||||||||
| Colorectal 16 (5.3%) | 27 (12%) | 150 (14–1800) | ||||||||||||||
| Lymphoma 14 (4.7%) | Palliative treatment | |||||||||||||||
| CNS (drop metastasis) 11 (3.7%) | 30 (4–120) | |||||||||||||||
| Unknown 10 (3.3%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Sarcoma 6 (2.0%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Ovarian 5 (1.7%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Endometrial 2 (0.7%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Esophageal 2 (0.7%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Gastric 2 (0.7%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Others 6 (2.0%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Dam-Hieu et al2 | 2009 | 19 | 10 | 9 | 56 (35–75) | Lung 13 (68%) | 4 (21%) | 5 (26.3%) | 11 (58%) | 5 (26.3%) | 55 (26.3%) | Surgery 13 (68%) | 9 (52.6%) | 7 (36.8%) | 3 (15.8%) | 183 (4−720) |
| Breast 3 (16%) | Radiotherapy 11 (57.9%) | Surgery+Radiotherapy 9 | Surgery 2 | Surgery 3 | ||||||||||||
| Colorectal 1 (5.5%) | Chemotherapy 1 (5.2%) | Chemotherapy 0 | Radiotherapy 0 | Radiotherapy 0 | ||||||||||||
| Esophageal 1 (5.5%) | Abstention 5 (26.3%) | Abstention 0 | Chemotherapy 1 | Chemotherapy 0 | ||||||||||||
| Thyroid carcinoma 1 (5.5%) | Abstention 4 | Abstention 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Shin et al3 | 2009 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 50 (14–71) | Lung 2 (22.2%) | 6 (66.7%) | 2 (22.2%) | 2 (22.2%) | 8 (88.9%) | 2 (22.2%) | Radiosurgery 9 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 240 (60–570) |
| Breast 3 (33.3%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Renal cell carcinoma 1 (11.1%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Melanoma 1 (11.1%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Choroid plexus carcinoma 1 (11.1%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Glioma 1 (11.1%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Flanagan et al4 | 2012 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 61 (41–81) | non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 7 (100%) | 4 (57.1%) | 4 (57.1%) | 0 | NA | NA | Radiotherapy 1 | 6 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 345 (30–840) |
| Chemotherapy 3 Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy 2 | ||||||||||||||||
| Unknown 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Hashii et al5 | 2011 | 18 | 8 | 10 | 55 (37–76) | Lung 8 (44.4%) | NA | NA | NA | 14 (77.8%) | NA | Radiotherapy | 8 (44.4%) | 10 (55.6%) | 0 | 120 |
| Breast 6 (33.3%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Melanoma 2 (11.1%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Renal cell carcinoma 1 (5.6%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Rectal cancer 1 (5.6%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Veeravagu et al6 | 2012 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 63 (33–77) | Lung 2 (22.2%) | 7 (77.8%) | 3 (33.3%) | 1 (11.1%) | NA | NA | Radiosurgery | 1 (20%) | 4 (80%) | 0 | 123 (33–273) |
| Breast 5 (55.6%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cystic adenocarcinoma 1 (11.1%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Epithelioid hemangioepithelioma 1 (11.1%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Wilson et al7 | 2012 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 56 (38–68) | Lung 3 (33.3%) | 4 (44.4%) | 5 (55.6%) | 0 | NA | NA | Surgery | 1 (11.1%) | 7 (77.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | 192 |
| Breast 4 (44.4%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Melanoma 2 (22.2%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Hoover et al8 | 2012 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 55 (38–74) | Lung 1 (6.7%) | 3 (20%) | 2 (13%) | 10 (67%) | 3 (20%) | NA | Surgery | 8 (53.3%) | 2 (13.3%) | 5 (33.3%) | 150 |
| Breast 2 (13.3%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Melanoma 3 (20%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Renal cell carcinoma 3 (20%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Carcinoid tumor 1 (6.7%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma 2 (13.3%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Gastric adenocarcinoma 1 (6.7%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Chondrosarcoma 1 (6.7%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 1 (6.7%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Diehn et al9; Rykken et al10 | 2015 | 49 | 23 | 26 | 57.7 (7–80) | Lung carcinoma 24 (49%) | 18 (26%) | 40 (57%) | 12 (17%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 104 (95% CI=48–156) |
| Breast carcinoma 7 (14%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Melanoma 5 (10%) | ||||||||||||||||
| CNS origin 4 (8%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Renal cell carcinoma 3 (6%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other 6 (12%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Payer et al11 | 2015 | 22 | 13 | 9 | 55 (21–86) | Lung carcinoma 6 (27.2%) | 9 (41%) | 14 (63.6%) | 5 (22.7%) | 9 (41%) | 6 (27.2%) | Surgery 22 (100%) | 4 (21%) | 11 (58%) | 4 (21%) | 348 |
| Breast carcinoma 3 (13.6%) | Surgery+Radiotherapy 6 (27.2%) | |||||||||||||||
| Melanoma 2 (9%) | Surgery+Chemotherapy 7 (31.8%) | |||||||||||||||
| CNS origin 3 (13.6%) | Surgery+Radiotherapy | |||||||||||||||
| Bladder carcinoma 1 (4.5%) | +Chemotherapy 3 (13.6%) | |||||||||||||||
| Prostate carcinoma 1 (4.5%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Ovarian carcinoma 1 (4.5%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Kidney carcinoma 1 (4.5%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Unknown 4 (18.1%) | ||||||||||||||||
Abbreviations: ISCM, intramedullary spinal cord metastases; NA, not available; pts, patients.