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. 2019 Jun 19;6:81. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00081

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Copyright © 2019 Bax, Duim, Kruithof, Smits, Bouten and Goumans.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Application of cyclic strain induces changes in differentiation markers in hEPDCs and ALK5 is required for this effect. Quantification of WT1 isoform A mRNA expression decreased after application to strain and increased again by simultaneous exposure to strain and iALK5 (A). The onset of differentiation was also shown by the increase in αSMA mRNA in strained hEPDCs, which was inhibited in the presence of iALK5 (B). (C–E) The process of differentiation was confirmed by staining for WT1 and αSMA (C'–E') as shown by translocation of the WT1 expression from the nuclei to the cytoplasm and the presence of αSMA after exposure to cyclic strain. The data is represented as represented as mean fold change ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Scale bar 50 μm.