Table 3.
Incidence rates and hazard ratios for hospitalization for heart failure in 1:1 PS-matched initiators of empagliflozin vs. DPP-4i and SGLT2i vs. DPP-4i.
| Empagliflozin | DPP-4i | SGLT2i | DPP-4i | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient population | N events (IR/1000 PY) |
N events (IR/1000 PY) |
HR (95% CI) |
N events (IR/1000 PY) |
N events (IR/1000 PY) |
HR (95% CI) |
| All patients | 17,551 | 17,551 | 112,264 | 112,264 | ||
| HHF-Specific* | 16 (2.0) | 42 (5.6) | 0.49 (0.27-0.89) | 175 (2.7) | 414 (6.9) | 0.42 (0.35-0.50) |
| HHF-Broad† | 82 (10.3) | 146 (19.6) | 0.56 (0.43-0.73) | 1,055 (16.2) | 1,486 (24.9) | 0.70 (0.65-0.75) |
| Patients with CV history‡ | 4,245 | 4,245 | 29,941 | 29,941 | ||
| HHF-Specific* | 13 (7.1) | 42 (23.5) | 0.34 (0.18-0.63) | 149 (8.9) | 319 (19.6) | 0.48 (0.39-0.58) |
| HHF-Broad† | 64 (35.4) | 115 (65.0) | 0.56 (0.41-0.76) | 841 (51.2) | 1,117 (69.6) | 0.75 (0.68-0.82) |
| Patients without CV history‡ | 13,238 | 13,238 | 82,089 | 82,089 | ||
| HHF-Specific* | <11§ (0.5) | <11§ (1.7) | 0.49 (0.12-2.03) | 36 (0.7) | 90 (2.1) | 0.37 (0.25-0.54) |
| HHF-Broad† | 17 (2.8) | 36 (6.3) | 0.46 (0.26-0.83) | 217 (4.5) | 358 (8.3) | 0.57 (0.48-0.68) |
| Patients with HF history∥ | 2,051 | 2,051 | 15,105 | 15,105 | ||
| HHF-Specific* | 13 (14.7) | 22 (24.7) | 0.78 (0.37-1.63) | 136 (16.4) | 304 (36.3) | 0.46 (0.38-0.57) |
| HHF-Broad† | 54 (62.1) | 96 (110.2) | 0.56 (0.41-0.78) | 755 (93.1) | 1,012 (124.5) | 0.77 (0.70-0.84) |
| Patients without HF history∥ | 15,421 | 15,421 | 96,734 | 96,734 | ||
| HHF-Specific* | <11§ (0.6) | 13 (2.0) | 0.35 (0.11-1.12) | 46 (0.8) | 96 (1.9) | 0.46 (0.32-0.66) |
| HHF-Broad† | 27 (3.8) | 41 (6.2) | 0.65 (0.40-1.06) | 315 (5.6) | 472 (9.2) | 0.64 (0.55-0.73) |
| Gender-Male | 9,347 | 9,347 | 59,788 | 59,788 | ||
| HHF-Specific* | <11* (2.3) | 26 (6.3) | 0.43 (0.20-0.92) | 100 (2.7) | 207 (6.4) | 0.47 (0.36-0.60) |
| HHF-Broad† | 49 (11.1) | 91 (22.0) | 0.53 (0.37-0.74) | 571 (15.7) | 789 (24.4) | 0.69 (0.62-0.77) |
| Gender-Female | 8,131 | 8,131 | 52,023 | 52,023 | ||
| HHF-Specific* | <11§ (1.7) | 14 (4.1) | 0.52 (0.20-1.39) | 80 (2.8) | 195 (7.2) | 0.43 (0.33-0.55) |
| HHF-Broad† | 33 (9.4) | 56 (16.6) | 0.58 (0.37-0.91) | 480 (16.9) | 744 (27.6) | 0.67 (0.60-0.75) |
| Empagliflozin 10mg | 10,620 | 10,620 | Not applicable | |||
| HHF-Specific* | 11 (2.5) | 19 (4.1) | 0.83 (0.38-1.80) | |||
| HHF-Broad† | 46 (10.5) | 95 (20.6) | 0.55 (0.39-0.78) | |||
| Empagliflozin 25mg | 7,744 | 7,744 | ||||
| HHF-Specific* | <11§ (1.7) | 19 (5.8) | 0.40 (0.16-1.02) | |||
| HHF-Broad† | 35 (10.1) | 56 (17.3) | 0.62 (0.41-0.95) | |||
HHF: hospitalization for heart failure; PS: propensity-score; DPP-4i: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (alogliptin=3.1%,linagliptin=19.1%, sitagliptin=66.5%, saxagliptin=11.3%); SGLT2i: sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (canagliflozin=68.6%, dapagliflozin=18.6%, empagliflozin=12.8%); IR: incidence rate; PY: person-years; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence intervals; CV: cardiovascular.
Discharge diagnosis of HF in the primary position
Discharge diagnosis of HF in any position
Defined as history of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, coronary atherosclerosis and other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease, coronary procedure, heart failure, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease or surgery, lower extremity amputation
In accordance with the data use agreement, we do not report information for frequency cells with less than 11 cases. These are noted as <11
Defined as history of heart failure or use of loop diuretics