Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of cardiovascular health indicators among participants, by underlying CKD diagnosis.
| Variable | FSGS-CKD N = 79 | GDO-CKD N = 196 | NG-CKD N = 616 | P value comparing FSGS-CKD to GDO-CKD | P value comparing FSGS-CKD to NG-CKD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Pressure | |||||
| SBP z-score | 0.60 [−0.02, 1.38] | 0.03 [−0.76, 0.97] | 0.42 [−0.30, 1.11] | <0.001 | 0.04 |
| DBP z-score | 0.47 [−0.10, 1.17] | 0.22 [−0.42, 0.86] | 0.56 [−0.04, 1.18] | 0.05 | 0.58 |
| Measured BP status | 0.163 | 0.639 | |||
| Normal (<90th percentile) | 66.2% (51) | 76.2% (147) | 68.4% (405) | ||
| Prehypertension (90th to < 95th percentile) | 9.1% (7) | 8.8% (17) | 11.1% (66) | ||
| Hypertension (> 95th percentile) | 24.7% (19) | 15.0% (29) | 20.4% (121) | ||
| Uncontrolled hypertensive clinic BP | 24.4% (19) | 14.9% (29) | 19.9% (121) | 0.06 | 0.36 |
| Ambulatory and clinic BP categories | 0.01 | 0.17 | |||
| White coat hypertension | 3.1% (2) | 1.8% (3) | 2.1% (11) | ||
| Masked hypertension | 46.2% (30) | 55.8% (91) | 54.0% (285) | ||
| Confirmed hypertension | 24.6% (16) | 8.6% (14) | 14.4% (76) | ||
| SBP dipping < 10% | 47.1% (24) | 38.3% (49) | 39.5% (175) | 0.28 | 0.3 |
| DBP dipping < 10% | 31.4% (16) | 18.8% (24) | 15.6% (69) | 0.07 | 0.005 |
| Non dipper status | 51.0% (26) | 39.8% (51) | 40.4% (179) | 0.17 | 0.15 |
| Cardiovascular Tests | |||||
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m2.7 | 31.4 [27.4, 39.6] | 28.7 [24.9, 34.8] | 31.5 [25.6, 37.6] | 0.02 | 0.27 |
| LVH | 26.3% (15) | 11.0% (16) | 10.9% (52) | 0.007 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular geometry | 0.06 | 0.007 | |||
| Normal | 68.4% (39) | 80.7% (117) | 78.9% (378) | ||
| Eccentric Hypertrophy | 17.5% (10) | 7.6% (11) | 6.5% (31) | ||
| Concentric Remodeling | 5.3% (3) | 8.3% (12) | 10.2% (49) | ||
| Concentric Hypertrophy | 8.8% (5) | 3.4% (5) | 4.4% (21) | ||
| Shortening Fraction | 0.37 [0.34, 0.41] | 0.36 [0.33, 0.39] | 0.38 [0.34, 0.42] | 0.15 | 0.27 |
| E/A ratio | 1.7 [1.6, 2.3] | 1.9 [1.5, 2.3] | 1.8 [1.5, 2.3] | 0.81 | 0.68 |
| Carotid Artery Intima-Medial Thickness, mm | 0.43 [0.32, 0.47] | 0.41 [0.35, 0.46] | 0.42 [0.37, 0.48] | 0.85 | 0.67 |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 6.5 [5.7, 7.3] | 5.8 [4.8, 6.8] | 5.8 [4.7, 7.0] | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 9.4 [8.9, 9.7] | 9.3 [8.8, 9.6] | 9.6 [9.3, 9.9] | 0.84 | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus, mg/dL | 4.4 [3.8, 4.9] | 4.4 [3.7, 4.8] | 4.5 [4.1, 5.0] | 0.83 | 0.13 |
| Ca × P product | 40.0 [35.5, 45.5] | 39.8 [35.1, 45.1] | 43.2 [38.8, 47.5] | 0.95 | <0.001 |
| Lipid levels | |||||
| Diabetes Mellitus at baseline | 0.0% (0) | 3.6% (7) | 0.3% (2) | 0.2 | 1.00 |
| Ever diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus during study follow-up | 3.8% (3) | 6.2% (12) | 2.1% (13) | 0.57 | 0.41 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 121 [86, 191] | 93 [70, 149] | 97 [72, 140] | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| High triglycerides | 49.2% (32) | 31.5% (53) | 42.4% (231) | 0.01 | 0.29 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 53 [41, 61] | 50 [40, 60] | 49 [42, 58] | 0.38 | 0.24 |
| Low HDL cholesterol | 6.2% (4) | 9.5% (16) | 9.0% (49) | 0.41 | 0.44 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 121 [108, 162] | 118 [95, 145] | 118 [97, 138] | 0.06 | 0.02 |
| High non-HDL cholesterol | 27.7% (18) | 14.9% (25) | 10.3% (56) | 0.02 | <0.001 |
| Counts of abnormal lipids values (out of 3) | 0.07 | 0.02 | |||
| 0 | 40.0% (26) | 58.9% (99) | 56.8% (310) | ||
| 1 | 30.8% (20) | 22.6% (38) | 26.0% (142) | ||
| 2 | 23.1% (15) | 14.3% (24) | 15.2% (83) | ||
| 3 | 6.2% (4) | 4.2% (7) | 2.0% (11) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 60.0% (39) | 41.1% (69) | 43.2% (236) | 0.009 | 0.01 |
CKD - chronic kidney disease; FSGS-CKD - focal segmental glomerulosclerosis group; GDO-CKD - glomerular disease other group; NG-CKD - non-glomerular group; SBP - systolic blood pressure; DBP - diastolic blood pressure; BP - blood pressure; LVH - left ventricular hypertrophy; E - early wave diastolic trans-mitral flow; A - late wave diastolic trans-mitral flow; Ca x P calcium x phosphorus; HDL - high density lipoprotein.