TABLE 3.

List of some of the non-enveloped plant viruses that have been produced for VLP or VNP applications.

Utilizing the exterior surface of viral particles (VLPs as scaffolds for peptide/epitope presentation)
Virus	Viral structure	Type of modification	References
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)	Icosahedral	Plant-produced chimaeric VLP as vaccine for rabies virus and human immunodeficiency virus.	Yusibov et al.,1997
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus	Icosahedral	Genetic manipulation and chemical modification for multivalent presentation of ligands	Gillitzer et al.,2002
Cowpea mosaic virus	Icosahedral	Plant-produced chimaeric virus vaccine for human rhinovirus 14 and human immunodeficiency virus	Porta et al.,1994
Papaya mosaic virus	Rod-Shaped	E. coli produced VLP as chimaeric viral vaccine for influenza virus.	Rioux et al.,2012
Potato virus X	Rod-Shaped	Plant-produced chimaeric virus vaccine for hepatitis C virus.	Uhde-Holzem et al.,2010
Red clover necrotic mosaic virus	Icosahedral	Plant-produced VLP developed for targeted drug delivery.	Lockney et al.,2010
Tobacco mosaic virus	Rod-Shaped	Plant-produced chimaeric virus vaccine for influenza virus.	Petukhova et al.,2013
Turnip yellow mosaic virus	Icosahedral	Plant-produced VLP developed as a biological probe.	Barnhill et al.,2007
Utilizing the inner cavity of the virus
Virus	Viral structure	Note	References
Brome mosaic virus	Icosahedral	Plant-produced VLP developed for encapsulation of organic chromophore.	Jung et al.,2011
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus	Icosahedral	E. coli produced VLP developed for encapsulation of polymers.	Douglas and Young,1998
Cowpea mosaic virus	Icosahedral	Plant-produced VLP developed for encapsulation of metals.	Aljabali et al.,2010
Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus	Icosahedral	Plant-produced VLP developed for drug delivery.	Ren et al.,2007
Tobacco mosaic virus	Rod-Shaped	Plant-produced VLP developed for drug delivery.	Czapar et al.,2016