FIGURE 1.

Schematic model of autophagy. (A) Macroautophagy is the result of the fusion of an autophagosome, a double membrane vacuole transporting cellular cargo that has been targeted for degradation, with a lysosome. (B) Microautophagy is a non-selective lysosomal degradative process that involves direct engulfment of cytoplasmic materials by the invagination of the lysosome. (C) Chaperone-mediated autophagy involves the direct translocation, through LAMP2A, of specific proteins containing a motif recognized by a chaperone named hsc70 (heat-shock cognate protein of 70 kDa).