FIG. 2.

Flow rate and printability of 2% alginate bioink across different pneumatic pressures. (A) A linear relationship empirically established between pneumatic pressure (psi) and measured flow rate (mg/s). The minimum threshold of alginate extrusion was extrapolated to be 2 psi (dotted line). (B) Filaments and printed constructs using specified pneumatic pressure settings at a travel speed of 12 mm/s. (C) Effect of syringe volume on the bioink flow rate. Two percent alginate was extruded using a 30-gauge needle from a syringe loaded with the specified initial volumes. No difference between the flow rate and the initial material syringe loading volume was observed. Color images are available online.