Table 2.
PSI Sign No. 5 findings for participants in the USA and Complex Neurodevelopmental Disorder (CND) groups with idiopathic Speech Delay and Speech Motor Delay (SMD) compared to control participants with idiopathic Speech Delay and No Motor Speech Disorder (No MSD) in two speech tasks.
| PSI Sign No. 5: Vowel/Diphthong Duration (ms)a |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMD |
No MSD |
Inferential Statistics |
||||||||
| Group | Speech Task | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | Effect Sizeb | Confidence Interval | |
| USA | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
| Continuous Speech |
50 | 169.2 | 43.3 | 341 | 147.8 | 32.0 | 0.63* | 0.33 | 0.94 | |
| Word Imitation |
23 | 207.2 | 53.7 | 82 | 210.2 | 51.5 | −0.06 | −0.52 | 0.41 | |
| CND | ||||||||||
| Continuous Speech |
87 | 139.4 | 38.8 | 181 | 125.0 | 30.7 | 0.43* | 0.17 | 0.69 | |
| Word Imitation |
11 | 220.6 | 37.6 | 11 | 186.0 | 15.6 | 1.16* | 0.25 | 2.06 | |
a PSI Sign No. 5 = Precision-Stability Index Sign No. 5: Increased duration of mid-vowels and diphthongs.
b * = Significant Hedges-corrected effect size (Hedges & Olkin, 1985).