Table 1.

Patient pathway comparison between enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and traditional groups

ERAS pathway	Traditional pathway
Preoperative interventions
Joint function exercise 4 weeks	No joint function exercise
Lung function exercise	No lung function exercise
Oral multimodal analgesia	No oral multimodal analgesia
Preoperative oral carbohydrate loading	No preoperative oral carbohydrate loading
Clear oral fluids up to 2 h before surgery	Clear oral fluids up to 6 h before surgery
Intraoperative interventions
Spinal (preferred) or general anesthetic	General anesthetic
Intravenous dexamethasone	No intravenous dexamethasone
Tranexamic acid	No tranexamic acid
Controlled blood pressure	No controlled blood pressure
Intraoperative avoidance of excessive intravenous fluids	No intraoperative avoidance of excessive intravenous fluids
Active intraoperative warming	No active intraoperative warming
“Cocktail” therapy	No “cocktail” therapy
Postoperative interventions
Multimodal oral analgesia	No multimodal oral analgesia
Early initiation of oral intake	No early initiation of oral intake
Mobilization within 24 h	Mobilization on postoperative day 1

ERAS, enhanced recovery after surgery.