Table 1. Characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristic (N = 1036) | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) | ||
| 18–40 | 39 | 3.8 |
| 41–60 | 530 | 51.2 |
| 61–80 | 467 | 45.1 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 646 | 62.4 |
| Female | 390 | 37.6 |
| Highest education level | ||
| No formal education | 73 | 7.0 |
| Up to Grade 5 | 398 | 38.4 |
| From Grade 6 to 11 | 361 | 34.8 |
| Passed GCE (O/L) | 173 | 16.7 |
| GCE (A/L) and above | 31 | 3.0 |
| Employment status | ||
| Not employed | 670 | 64.7 |
| Employed | 366 | 35.3 |
| Presence of co-morbidities | ||
| Comorbidities present | 735 | 70.9 |
| No comorbidities | 301 | 29.1 |
| CKD stage | ||
| Early stage | 258 | 24.9 |
| Stage 4 | 626 | 60.4 |
| Stage 5 | 152 | 14.7 |
| CES-D results | ||
| Positive | 665 | 64.2 |
| Negative | 371 | 35.8 |
| Psychological distress status | ||
| Positive | 772 | 74.5 |
| Negative | 264 | 25.5 |