Table 4.
Per capita food consumption (logged) |
Household experienced food insecurity during prior rainy season1 |
Crop yields (logged) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Teff | Barley | Maize | Wheat | |||
Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | |
Climate variables | ||||||
Summer temperature, t-1 | −0.18 | 1.50** | −0.61** | 0.09 | −0.35 | 0.28 |
Summer precipitation, t-1 | 0.05 | −0.64 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.20 |
Winter temperature, t | 0.00 | 0.09 | −0.01 | −0.08 | −0.13 | |
Winter precipitation, t | 0.03 | −0.16 | −0.31 | 0.01 | 0.35* | |
Spring temperature, t | −0.16* | |||||
Spring precipitation, t | 0.04 | |||||
Household controls | ||||||
Number of children aged 0–6 | −0.11*** | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Number of children aged 7–18 | −0.06*** | −0.07 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Age of household head | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01* | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Household head has any formal schooling | 0.02** | −0.08* | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Female-headed household | −0.03 | 0.29+ | −0.17* | −0.24*** | −0.11 | −0.09* |
Ln (land area + 1) | 0.19** | −0.43+ | −0.42** | −0.50* | −0.03 | −0.24* |
Joint tests | ||||||
Climate variables | 2.88* | 10.83** | 8.57** | 0.92 | 0.72 | 3.80* |
Community fixed-effects | 35514.68*** | 21000.00*** | 6729.68*** | 641.20*** | 6520.23*** | 36473.63*** |
Survey year fixed-effects | 12.11*** | 6.42* | 6.69** | 2.95+ | 10.52** | 2.61 |
Constant | 4.11*** | 0.19* | 5.15*** | 6.36*** | 5.96*** | 5.84*** |
N households | 2394 | 1163 | 862 | 729 | 727 | 704 |
N villages | 15 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 13 | 12 |
Food security data were only collected in the 2004 and 2009 survey rounds