Table 5.

Results from logit and OLS models on participation in and hours of child labor based on recent climate, 2004 and 2009

	Any farm labor		Hours of farm labor (logged)		Any domestic labor		Hours of domestic labor (logged)

Climate variables	Odds ratio		Coefficient		Odds ratio		Coefficient
Summer temperature, t-1	1.37	2.02	−0.06	−0.09	0.48⁺	0.44⁺	0.02	−0.07
Summer precipitation, t-1	0.39^*	0.36^*	−0.09	−0.13	1.60	1.60	−0.06	0.05
Winter temperature, t	0.64	0.56	0.15	0.13	0.66	0.83	−0.09	0.03
Winter precipitation, t	1.13	0.79	0.13	0.16	0.34^*	0.32^*	−0.14^*	−0.03
Spring temperature, t	1.05	1.38	0.09	0.12	0.19^***	0.16^***	0.07	0.03
Spring precipitation, t	1.02	0.58	−0.30^*	−0.29^*	1.49	1.42	−0.13⁺	−0.08
Individual controls
Child of household head	0.96	0.95	0.03	0.04	0.81	0.82	−0.06	−0.05
13 years old [12 years old is baseline]	1.17	1.17	0.10^*	0.10^*	1.06	1.06	0.05	0.05
14 years old	1.08	1.07	0.00	0.00	1.28	1.28	0.13^**	0.13^**
15 years old	0.87	0.85	0.04	0.04	1.37	1.35	0.15^***	0.15^***
16 years old	1.14	1.14	−0.01	−0.01	0.87	0.87	0.06	0.05
Female	0.14^***	0.54	−0.37^***	−0.37^**	16.13^***	5.50⁺	0.41^***	0.14⁺
Attends school	0.83	0.89	−0.37^***	−0.36^***	1.26	1.25	−0.18^***	−0.19^***
Household controls
Number of children aged 0–6	0.86⁺	0.87	−0.02	−0.02	1.01	1.01	0.02	0.02
Number of children aged 7–18	0.97	0.97	0.01	0.01	0.86^*	0.86^*	0.00	0.00
Age of household head	0.99	0.99	0.00	0.00	0.99⁺	0.99	0.00	0.00
Household head has any formal schooling	0.96	0.95	−0.03	−0.03	1.01	1.02	−0.04	−0.04
Female-headed household	0.75	0.74	0.04	0.04	1.19	1.17	0.02	0.02
Ln (land area ⁺ 1)	1.12	1.09	0.03	0.03	1.13	1.12	0.07⁺	0.08^*
Interactions
Female X summer temperature, t-1		0.71		0.06		1.93		0.19⁺
Female X summer precipitation, t-1		1.48		0.10		1.30		−0.22^*
Female X winter temperature, t		1.13		0.07		0.25⁺		−0.19
Female X winter precipitation, t		1.07		−0.06		0.81		−0.16
Female X spring temperature, t		0.50^***		−0.06		2.25		0.11⁺
Female X spring precipitation, t		2.32⁺		−0.01		1.59		−0.10
Joint tests
Climate variables	17.81^**	6.81	6.92^**	3.55^*	150.48^***	80.25^***	7.73^***	1.18
Interactions		44.81^***		1.98		6.90		11.78^***
Community fixed-effects	739.94^***	3567.94^***	16372.49^***	2316.32^***	4996.66^***	3282.24^***	2717.43^***	1649.41^***
Survey year fixed-effects	2.32	1.51	0.47	0.61	12.03^***	10.29^**	0.05	0.04
Constant	8.43	4.18	3.13^***	3.10^***	150.66^**	225.03^**	2.70^***	2.79^***
N individuals	1656		1109		1657		1338

⁺

p < 0.1;

p < 0.05;

^**

p < 0.01;

^***

p < 0.001