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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 26.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2019 Feb 16;121:109–114. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.006

Table 2.

Weighted associations of imputed Wave 1 predictors and Wave 2 outcomes among US youth in the PATH Study (n = 5156; N = 10,442,792).

Wave 1 variables Wave 2 outcomes
Initiate E-cigarette use aOR (95% CI)  Past 30 day E-cigarette use aOR (95% CI)  Initiate cigarette use aOR (95% CI)  Past 30 day cigarette use aOR (95% CI) Initiate marijuana use aOR (95% CI)  Initiate alcohol use aOR (95% CI)
Susceptible to E- cigarettes 2.22 (1.55−3.18) 3.64 (1.93−6.89) 1.62 (0.95−2.78) 1.91 (0.91−3.98) 1.66 (1.12−2.46) 1.61 (1.26−2.06)
Susceptible to cigarettes 1.83 (1.28−2.63) 1.27 (0.63−2.58) 3.36 (1.95−5.82) 2.83 (1.34−5.97) 1.99 (1.33−2.98) 1.28 (1.01−1.64)
Grades B/C or lower 1.50 (1.11−2.04) 1.41 (0.80−2.47) 1.98 (1.28−3.07) 2.11 (1.14−3.90) 1.74 (1.29−2.35) 1.05 (0.85−1.30)
Less perceived harm of E-cigarettes 1.57 (1.17−2.11) 1.36 (0.79−2.32) 0.96 (0.63−1.47) 0.72 (0.38−1.36) 1.08 (0.80−1.46) 1.10 (0.91−1.32)
Family uses tobacco 1.49 (1.08−2.06) 1.09 (0.56−2.11) 0.98 (0.63−1.51) 0.94 (0.46−1.93) 1.61 (1.12−2.32) 1.17 (0.95−1.46)
Secondhand smoke exposure 0.99 (0.72−1.36) 1.39 (0.75−2.59) 1.67 (1.08−2.58) 2.28 (1.11−4.71) 1.07 (0.76−1.49) 1.09 (0.88−1.35)
Sensation seeking 1.37 (1.15−1.63) 1.44 (1.08−1.93) 1.23 (0.93−1.63) 1.55 (1.13−2.13) 1.48 (1.24−1.78) 1.35 (1.22−1.50)
Favorite tobacco ad 1.17 (0.68−2.00) 1.32 (0.52−3.34) 1.26 (0.62−2.58) 1.74 (0.65−4.66) 1.47 (0.87−2.48) 1.33 (0.92−1.95)
Recall of E-cigarette ad 1.35 (1.01−1.80) 1.00 (0.57−1.74) 1.40 (0.92−2.13) 1.82 (1.01−3.32) 1.36 (1.02−1.82) 1.27 (1.05−1.54)
Female 1.11 (0.84−1.47) 1.15 (0.68−1.94) 1.49 (0.98−2.25) 1.90 (1.03−3.48) 1.31 (0.99−1.74) 1.82 (1.51−2.19)
15 to 17 years old 1.26 (0.95−1.68) 1.06 (0.61−1.84) 1.18 (0.76−1.83) 1.65 (0.87−3.11) 1.48 (1.10−1.99) 1.60 (1.32−1.92)
Race/ethnicity
 White Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 African American 0.35 (0.21−0.59) 0.20 (0.07−0.59) 0.56 (0.30−1.03) 0.34 (0.13−0.88) 1.37 (0.92−2.03) 0.62 (0.46−0.83)
 Hispanic 0.70 (0.49−0.99) 0.42 (0.20−0.86) 0.48 (0.28−0.83) 0.25 (0.11−0.61) 1.08 (0.75−1.57) 0.86 (0.68−1.08)
 Other 0.71 (0.41−1.22) 0.37 (0.13−1.08) 0.41 (0.16−1.07) 0.16 (0.04−0.72) 0.97 (0.57−1.64) 0.75 (0.53−1.06)
Parent education
 High school/GED or less Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Some college 0.99 (0.71−1.36) 0.60 (0.31−1.17) 0.73 (0.47−1.15) 0.73 (0.37−1.44) 0.74 (0.54−1.02) 1.16 (0.93−1.44)
 Bachelor’s or higher 0.67 (0.45−1.01) 0.53 (0.25−1.17) 0.26 (0.13−0.53) 0.16 (0.05−0.55) 0.62 (0.40−0.96) 1.27 (0.99−1.62)

aOR = adjusted Odds Ratio.