TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical measures by use of psychotropic agents in pregnant and postpartum women
| Overall | During pregnancy N=152 | Post hoc pairwise comparison | Postpartum N =107 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | N=152 | No Psych Med (N=64) | StopTl (N=23) | OnT2/T3 (N=65) | P-value | No Psych Med vsStopTl | StopTl vs OnT2/T3 | No Psych Med vs OnT2/T3 | No Psych Med (N=29) | Medicated (N=78) | P-value |
| Age (years) | 26.3±6.2 | 23.9±5.2 | 26.9±5.0 | 28.5±6.7 | <.001 | 0.110 | 0.800 | <.001 | 24.2±5.3 | 27.4±6.2 | .014 |
| Race | .113 | .170 | |||||||||
| White | 102 (67.1) | 37 (57.8) | 17(73.9) | 48 (73.8) | 12 (41.4) | 55 (70.5) | |||||
| Black | 42 (27.6) | 24 (37.5) | 6(26.1) | 12 (18.5) | 23 (29.9) | 18 (23.1) | |||||
| Other | 8 (5.3) | 3 (4.7) | 0 | 5 (7.7) | 1 (3.4) | 5 (6.4) | |||||
| Hispanic | 3 (2.0) | 0 | 0 | 3 (5.8) | .348 | 0 | 3 (4.7) | .571 | |||
| Education level | .002 | 0.281 | 0.999 | 0.004 | .399 | ||||||
| <High school | 22 (14.7) | 17 (26.6) | 1 (4.5) | 4 (6.2) | 5 (17.2) | 8 (10.3) | |||||
| High school | 42 (28.0) | 21 (32.8) | 8 (36.4) | 13 (20.3) | 10 (34.5) | 19 (24.4) | |||||
| Some college | 60 (40.0) | 20 (31.3) | 9 (40.9) | 31 (48.4) | 10 (34.5) | 35 (44.9) | |||||
| College | 18 (12.0) | 5 (7.8) | 2(9.1) | 11 (17.2) | 4(13.8) | 11(14.1) | |||||
| Graduate school | 8 (5.3) | 1 (1.6) | 2(9.1) | 5 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (6.4) | |||||
| Employed | 47 (32.0) | 14 (22.6) | 10 (45.5) | 23 (36.5) | .084 | 6 (21.4) | 24 (31.2) | .464 | |||
| Marital status | <.001 | 0.124 | 0.008 | 0.003 | .560 | ||||||
| Single | 91(59.9) | 45 (70.3) | 18 (78.3) | 28 (43.1) | 19 (65.5) | 42 (53.8) | |||||
| Married/cohabitating | 53 (34.9) | 19 (29.7) | 3 (13.0) | 31 (47.7) | 10 (34.5) | 30 (38.5) | |||||
| Divorced/separated | 7 (4.6) | 0 | 1 (4.3) | 6 (9.2) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (6.4) | |||||
| Widowed | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (4.3) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.3) | |||||
| Use during study perioda | |||||||||||
| Smoked tobacco | 60 (40.0) | 28 (43.8) | 8 (36.4) | 24 (37.5) | .718 | 9 (32.1) | 30 (40.0) | .615 | |||
| Drank alcohol | 29 (19.3) | 15 (23.4) | 2(9.1) | 12 (18.8) | .335 | 7 (25.0) | 13 (17.3) | .552 | |||
| Used illicit drugs | 41 (27.3) | 22 (34.4) | 5 (22.7) | 14 (21.9) | .267 | 11 (40.7) | 16(21.1) | .073 | |||
| Bipolar subtype | .050 | 0.999 | 0.350 | 0.081 | .496 | ||||||
| I | 89 (58.6) | 32 (50.0) | 11 (47.8) | 46 (70.8) | 15 (51.7) | 49 (62.8) | |||||
| II | 42 (27.6) | 24 (37.5) | 7 (30.4) | 11(16.9) | 10 (34.5) | 19 (24.4) | |||||
| NOS | 21 (13.8) | 8 (12.5) | 5 (21.7) | 8 (12.3) | 4(13.8) | 10(12.8) | |||||
| Lifetime comorbidities | |||||||||||
| Anxiety | 77 (50.7) | 31 (48.4) | 12 (52.2) | 34 (52.3) | .897 | 13 (44.8) | 42 (53.8) | .54 | |||
| Alcohol abuse | 17(11.2) | 1 (1.6) | 3 (13.0) | 13 (20.0) | .001 | 0.165 | 0.999 | 0.003 | 2 (6.9) | 13 (16.7) | .346 |
| Cannabinoid | 15 (9.9) | 6 (9.4) | 1 (4.3) | 8 (12.3) | .577 | 3 (10.3) | 7 (9.0) | .999 | |||
| Psychiatric hospitalization | 13 (8.6) | 2 (3.1) | 1 (4.3) | 10 (15.4) | .037 | 0.999 | 0.826 | 0.090 | 1 (3.4) | 12 (15.4) | .179 |
| Parity | .078 | .444 | |||||||||
| 1 | 41 (32.5) | 15 (30.0) | 2(11.1) | 24 (41.4) | 11 (37.9) | 29 (38.7) | |||||
| 2 | 43 (34.1) | 21 (42.0) | 7 (38.9) | 15 (25.9) | 11 (37.9) | 20 (26.7) | |||||
| 3+ | 42 (33.3) | 14 (28.0) | 9 (50.0) | 19 (32.8) | 7 (24.1) | 26 (34.7) | |||||
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation SD and n (%).
NOS, not otherwise specified; No Psych Med, nonpsychotropic-treated women; Stop T1, women who took psychotropic agents only during the first trimester of pregnancy; OnT2/T3, women who continued medication throughout pregnancy or had exposure only during Trimester 2 and 3.
a
Presented as use at any point in pregnancy (or postpartum) by an individual woman.