Table 1.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics at Entry into Cardiac Rehabilitation^a

	Period 1: 1996 – 2000 (n = 1174)	Period 2: 2001 – 2005 (n = 1371)	Period 3: 2006 – 2010 (n = 1407)	Period 4: 2011 – 2015 (n = 1444)	Average Yearly Change	Effect of Time
					Sex Difference	Effect of Sex
Age, yr
All	60.7 ± 11.5	62.3 ± 11.8	63.5 ± 11.1	64.2 ± 11.6	0.23	8.46c
Men	59.9 ± 11.4	61.7 ± 11.2	62.4 ± 10.7	63.4 ± 11.3	3	8.63d
Women	63.1 ± 11.4	64.3 ± 13.4	66.1 ± 11.5	66.1 ± 12.1
Women, %
All	26.8	24.1	28	29.6	0.30%	7.72b
Older, % aged ≥ 65 yr
All	40.2	44.8	44.8	49.2	0.56%	21.56d
Men	37.4	42.2	40.2	45.4	13%	90.41d
Women	47.9	52.9	56.6	58.4
Elderly, % aged ≥ 75 yr
All	11.2	17.2	17.6	19.9	0.44%	18.58d
Men	10.4	14.3	15	17.1	8.5%	40.12d
Women	13.7	26.3	24.4	26.6
Weight, kg
All	84.8 ± 18.1	86.9 ± 18.5	86.8 ± 19.6	86.7 ± 19.1	1.93	ns
Men	88.4 ± 17.2	90.7 ± 17.2	91.0 ± 18.4	90.5 ± 17.9	14.5	-29.46d
Women	75.0 ± 17.0	74.6 ± 17.4	76.2 ± 18.3	77.5 ± 18.7
Waist, cm
All	100.9 ± 13.7	101.8 ± 14.4	102.8 ± 14.5	101.8 ± 14.1	ns	ns
Men	103.0 ± 12.7	104.4 ± 13.4	104.7 ± 13.6	103.7 ± 13.1	8.5	-18.91d
Women	95.2 ± 14.7	93.0 ± 14.0	97.7 ± 15.5	97.1 ± 15.4
Body mass index, kg/m2
All	28.7 ± 5.4	29.0 ± 5.5	30.1 ± 6.0	29.6 ± 5.9	0.07	5.05d
Men	28.5 ± 5.0	29.1 ± 5.2	30.1 ± 5.5	29.4 ± 5.3	ns	ns
Women	29.1 ± 6.3	28.5 ± 6.4	30.0 ± 7.1	30.0 ± 7.1
Obesity
All	33.2	36.6	42.9	39.6	0.46%	15.41d
Men	31.1	37.1	43.7	38.1	ns	ns
Women	39.1	35.1	40.7	43
Diabetes mellitus
All	17.3	21.5	24.7	21.7	0.31%	9.38b
Men	16.1	21.6	25.4	21.2	ns	ns
Women	20.6	21.1	23.1	23.1
Hypertension
All	51	59.4	70.6	62.5	0.80%	48.06d
Men	48.7	58	69.9	63.3	11%	11.87c
Women	57.5	63.7	72.3	60.7
Current smoking
All	6.6	5.3	7.2	8.4	0.16%	7.06b
Men	7.3	5.3	6.8	8.6	ns	ns
Women	4.8	5.4	8.1	7.9
Comorbidity score
All	0.3 ± 0.9	0.4 ± 1.0	0.5 ± 1.2	0.6 ± 1.2	0.016	25.8d
Men	0.3 ± 0.9	0.3 ± 1.0	0.5 ± 1.2	0.5 ± 1.2	0.12	5.47b
Women	0.4 ± 0.9	0.4 ± 1.1	0.6 ± 1.2	0.7 ± 1.3
Relative peak$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$, mL/kg/min
All	18.2 ± 5.9	18.0 ± 6.2	18.3 ± 6.5	18.2 ± 6.0	ns	0.29
Men	19.4 ± 6.1	19.0 ± 6.4	19.5 ± 6.7	19.2 ± 6.2	3.8	-23.09d
Women	14.9 ± 3.9	14.8 ± 4.3	15.0 ± 4.5	15.5 ± 4.2
Absolute peak$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$, L/min
All	1.5 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.6	ns	1.4
Men	1.7 ± 0.6	1.7 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.6	0.6	-35.53d
Women	1.1 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.4

Abbreviations: ns, nonsignificant;$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$, oxygen uptake.

Data analyzed for statistical significance using ANOVA with 3 degrees of freedom or by χ².

^aData reported as mean ± standard deviation or percent.

^bP < .05.

^cP < .001.

^dP < .0001.