Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
| TPN (n = 25) | Control (n = 22) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age (weeks) | 36.1 (35.4–36.4) | 36.1 (33.7–37.1) | 0.70a |
| Birth weight (kg) | 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 2.6 (2.1–3.2) | 0.96a |
| Sex | 0.80b | ||
| Male | 15 (60) | 14 (64) | |
| Race | 0.32c | ||
| White | 17 (68) | 18 (82) | |
| Black | 6 (24) | 3 (14) | |
| Hispanic | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | |
| Delivery | 0.63b | ||
| C-section | 13 (52) | 13 (59) | |
| Admission Diagnoses | |||
| Prematurity | 21 (84) | 14 (64) | 0.18c |
| Respiratory | 9 (36) | 14 (64) | 0.06b |
| Gastrointestinal | 23 (92) | 0 (0) | <0.001c |
| Gastroschisis | 15 (60) | 0 (0) | <0.001c |
| Intestinal atresia or stenosis | 6 (24) | 0 (0) | 0.02c |
| Omphalocele | 3 (12) | 0 (0) | 0.24c |
| Malrotation | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 0.49c |
| Other GI | 2 (8) | 1 (5) | >0.99c |
| Neurologic | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 0.47c |
| SGA/IUGR | 3 (12) | 2 (9) | >0.99c |
| Other | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 0.47c |
| GI surgery | 20 (80) | 0 (0) | < 0.001c |
| Medications | |||
| Antibiotics | 24 (96) | 14 (64) | 0.01c |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 6 (24) | 1 (5) | 0.10c |
| H2 blocker | 2 (8) | 1 (5) | >0.99c |
| Day of life at initiation of enteral feeds | 12 (8–15) | 1 (0–1) | <0.001a |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%).
a
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney;
b
Chi-square, or
c
Fisher’s exact test.
C-section, Cesarean section; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; GI, gastrointestinal; SGA, small for gestational age; IUGR, intrauterine growth restricition; H2, histamine-2; TPN, total parenteral nutrition.