TABLE 2.
Univariate comparison between persistent and non-persistent opioid users among opioid naïve patients
| Variable | Persisted opioid users | Non-persisted users | Adjusted P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Total (%) | 1893 (35.0) | 3518 (65.0) | — |
| Age, mean (SD) | 44.0 (15.6) | 43.9 (16.0) | 0.88 |
| Female | 1060 (56.1) | 1867 (53.3) | 0.15 |
| Region | 0.16 | ||
| Northeast | 350 (18.5) | 686 (19.5) | |
| Northcentral | 436 (23) | 882 (25.1) | |
| South | 737 (38.9) | 1283 (36.5) | |
| West | 312 (16.5) | 586 (16.7) | |
| Unknown | 58 (3.1) | 81 (2.3) | |
| Type of ID disease | |||
| Crohn’s | 1137 (60.1) | 1939 (55.1) | 0.02 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 558 (29.5) | 1320 (37.5) | |
| Indeterminate colitis | 198 (10.5) | 259 (7.4) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Cancer | 173 (9.1) | 292 (8.3) | 0.36 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 122 (6.4) | 194 (5.5) | 0.22 |
| Congestive heart failure | 95 (5) | 136 (3.9) | 0.10 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 438 (23.1) | 665 (18.9) | 0.02 |
| Dementia | 6 (0.3) | 12 (0.3) | 0.90 |
| Complicated diabetes mellitus | 45 (2.4) | 71 (2) | 0.44 |
| Non-complicated diabetes mellitus | 215 (11.4) | 329 (9.4) | 0.05 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | 5 (0.3) | 7 (0.2) | 0.71 |
| Cancer with metastasis | 45 (2.4) | 80 (2.3) | 0.88 |
| Myocardial infarction | 43 (2.3) | 54 (1.5) | 0.10 |
| Mild liver disease | 216 (11.4) | 395 (11.2) | 0.89 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 22 (1.2) | 51 (1.4) | 0.44 |
| Hemiplegia | 15 (0.8) | 14 (0.4) | 0.11 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 59 (3.1) | 123 (3.5) | 0.52 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 141 (7.4) | 219 (6.2) | 0.14 |
| Renal disease | 78 (4.1) | 121 (3.4) | 0.27 |
| Rheumatological disease | 120 (6.3) | 168 (4.8) | 0.03 |
| Mental health disorders | |||
| Anxiety | 416 (22) | 599 (17) | 0.02 |
| Depression | 311 (16.4) | 377 (10.7) | 0.02 |
| Substance abuse | 311 (16.4) | 384 (10.9) | 0.02 |
| Other mental disorders | 172 (9.1) | 236 (6.7) | 0.02 |
| IBD related medications | |||
| 5-Acetylsalicylic acid | 598 (31.6) | 1283 (36.5) | 0.02 |
| Immunomodulators | 93 (4.9) | 169 (4.8) | 0.90 |
| Biologics | 81 (4.3) | 108 (3.1) | 0.05 |
| Budesonide | 15 (0.8) | 26 (0.7) | 0.89 |
SD, standard deviation.
a
False discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P values.