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. 2019 Jun 26;10:2790. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10418-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Biocompatibility and effectiveness of MOSD after 8-week implant. a, b Immunostaining of mice sciatic nerve after 8 weeks MOSD implant. c, d Withdrawal latency of mice in von Frey test. MOSD were implanted into sciatic nerve for 4 weeks. n_implant = 4 mice, n_{no implant} = 6 mice, Unpaired t-test. e, f Withdrawal latency of mice in Hargreaves test. MOSD were implanted into sciatic nerve for 4 weeks. Sham operation group were taken as control. n_implant = 4 mice, n_{no implant} = 6 mice, Unpaired t-test. g, h Immunostaining of mice C7 nerve after 8 weeks MOSD implant in the root and division end. i, j Schematics and images of mice with MOSD implant. Adapter for the MOSD implant was fixed onto the skull. k Different upper limb movements were elicited by mini-LEDs of MOSD (81.6 mW, calculated light intensity at the distal end was 539.2 mW mm⁻², 20 msec-on/2 sec-off) 3 weeks after the C7 implant. Black lines represented the position of upper limb before mini-LED stimulation. Red lines represented the position of upper limb after mini-LED stimulation. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Scale bars are 200 µm (a, b, g, h)