Fig. 6.

LIF inhibits macrophage TGFβ1 expression. a–c Muscle sections were co-labeled with antibodies to pro-fibrotic TGFβ (red) and the pan macrophage marker F4/80 (green) to test for changes in macrophage expression of TGFβ. Nuclei appear blue (DAPI). Bars = 25 μm. a The proportion of F4/80+ cells co-expressing TGFβ was reduced in LIF BMT/mdx recipients. The greatest reduction in the number of F4/80+ cells positive for TGFβ (orange) was in inflammatory lesions of LIF BMT/mdx (c) compared to WT BMT/mdx recipients (b). N = 5 for each data set, * indicates significantly different from WT BMT/mdx recipients at P < 0.05. For all histograms in the figure, the bars indicate mean ± sem. d QPCR analysis of BMDMs treated with recombinant LIF (10 ng/ml) for 3- or 24-h shows that Tgfb1 expression is inhibited by LIF after 24 h of stimulation. e The concentration of secreted TGFβ was also reduced in BMDMs stimulated with LIF for 24 h, analyzed by ELISA. N = 5 technical replicates for each data set. Significant findings were verified with biological replicates of experiments from independent donors. * Indicates significantly different from control at P < 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file