Table 2.
Effect of various plant extracts on cell growth and astaxanthin production in X. dendrorhous SK984
| Plant extract supplement | Cell growth (DCW, g/L) | Astaxanthin concentration (mg/L) | Astaxanthin content (mg/g) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No plant extract | 4.1 ± 0.14a | 5.8 ± 0.01a,b,c | 1.42 ± 0.05a |
| Vegetables | Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) | 7.3 ± 0.07b | 5.7 ± 0.03d | 0.78 ± 0.00b,c |
| Carrot (Daucus carota) | 5.0 ± 0.14c | 6.7 ± 0.07e | 1.34 ± 0.05d | |
| Garlic (Allium sativum) | 5.4 ± 0.07d | 4.7 ± 0.08f | 0.87 ± 0.00e | |
| Water Parsley (Apium crispum) | 8.6 ± 0.07e,f | 4.8 ± 0.07f,g | 0.56 ± 0.01f | |
| Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) | 7.6 ± 0.07g | 5.9 ± 0.06b,c | 0.78 ± 0.01b,c | |
| Head lettuce (Lactuca sativa) | 2.9 ± 0.07h | 5.1 ± 0.11h,i | 1.76 ± 0.01g | |
| Ginger (Zingiber officinale) | 3.2 ± 0.07i | 4.3 ± 0.09j | 1.37 ± 0.06d,h | |
| Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) | 8.7 ± 0.07f | 5.6 ± 0.07d | 0.64 ± 0.03i | |
| Red onion (Allium cepa) | 7.9 ± 0.07j | 5.9 ± 0.09b,c | 0.75 ± 0.05b | |
| Fruits | Apple (Malus domestica) | 6.2 ± 0.07k | 6.0 ± 0.04c,k | 0.97 ± 0.00j,k |
| Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) | 6.2 ± 0.07k | 5.8 ± 0.03a,b | 0.94 ± 0.01j | |
| Cherry tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum) | 8.5 ± 0.07e | 6.4 ± 0.02l | 0.75 ± 0.01b | |
| Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) | 5.0 ± 0.07c | 7.1 ± 0.10m | 1.42 ± 0.00a,h | |
| Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) | 6.3 ± 0.07k | 5.2 ± 0.04i | 0.83 ± 0.01e,l | |
| Orange (Citrus sinensis) | 6.2 ± 0.07k | 6.1 ± 0.04k | 0.99 ± 0.00k | |
| Orange peel (Citrus sinensis) | 9.1 ± 0.00l | 5.2 ± 0.01i | 0.57 ± 0.00f | |
| Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) | 8.9 ± 0.07m | 6.1 ± 0.1k | 0.69 ± 0.01i | |
| Grape (Vitis vinifera) | 3.2 ± 0.07i | 4.4 ± 0.17j | 1.39 ± 0.02a,h | |
| Hanrabong (Citrus reticulata) | 6.5 ± 0.07n | 4.8 ± 0.06f | 0.74 ± 0.00b | |
| Hanrabong peel (Citrus reticulata) | 6.3 ± 0.07k | 5.0 ± 0.12h | 0.80 ± 0.01c | |
| Tangerine (Citrus reticulata) | 8.5 ± 0.07e | 5.8 ± 0.01a | 0.68 ± 0.01i | |
| Tangerine peel (Citrus reticulata) | 4.1 ± 0.07a | 5.0 ± 0.07g | 1.22 ± 0.00m | |
| Tree leaves | Maple leaf (Acer pseudoplatanus) | 4.4 ± 0.14o | 7.3 ± 0.07n | 1.65 ± 0.03n |
| Oak leaf (Quercus aliena) | 6.5 ± 0.07n | 11.3 ± 0.00o | 1.75 ± 0.02g |
Data are represented as mean of duplicate ± SD. Values with different superscripts in a column are significantly different (p < 0.05)