| Schwickert et al., 1995 (76) |
❖ Cryostat sections of 11 tumor samples from 10 patients with cervical carcinoma of various stages |
❖ Lactate levels significantly higher (P<0.05) in tumor samples from patients with documented metastases |
| ❖ Lactate levels in samples measured and compared between patients with and without clinically-documented metastasis |
❖ Lactate levels significantly higher in viable tumor samples compared to necrotic samples |
| Walenta et al., 1997 (77) |
❖ Specimens from 15 patients with head and neck cancer |
❖ Sample lactate levels significantly higher in patients with metastatic disease (12.3 vs. 4.7 μmol/g; P<0.005) |
| ❖ Quantitative bioluminescence imaging of lactate levels compared between patients with and without metastatic disease |
❖ Lactate levels spread over a greater range in patients with metastases |
| Walenta et al., 2000 (78) |
❖ Cryostat sections of 35 tumor samples from 34 patients with cervical carcinoma (most stage II or III) |
❖ Lactate levels were significantly higher (P=0.001) in tumor samples from patients with metastatic disease |
|
❖ Lactate levels in samples measured and compared between patients with and without detectable metastases |
❖ High tumor lactate levels were associated with significantly worse disease-free (60.5 vs. 22.1 months; P=0.014) and overall survival (70.9 vs. 31.0 months; P=0.015) |
|
❖ Lactate levels correlated with overall and disease-free survival |
|
| Brizel et al., 2001 (79) |
❖ Biopsies from 34 patients with head and neck cancer |
❖ High tumor lactate concentrations correlated with poorer metastasis-free survival at 2 years (90% vs. 25%; P<0.0001) |
| ❖ Tumor samples analyzed for lactate concentration |
❖ High tumor lactate concentrations correlated with poorer 2-year overall survival (90% vs. 35%; P<0.0001) |
| ❖ Sample lactate concentrations correlated with overall and metastasis-free survival at 2 years |
❖ Median lactate concentration in tumors that metastasized significantly lower than those remaining local (12.9 vs. 4.8 μmol/g; P<0.005) |
| Walenta et al., 2003 (80) |
❖ 33 cryobiopsy samples from 24 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma |
❖ Lactate levels significantly higher in patients with metastatic disease (13.4 vs. 6.9 μmol/g; P<0.005) |
| ❖ Lactate levels measured and compared between metastatic and nonmetastatic groups |
❖ No significant difference in lactate levels between normal tissue or adenoma and non-metastatic disease |
|
❖ Nodal involvement did not correlate with lactate levels |
|
❖ All patients with metastatic disease had lactate levels greater than 8.0 μmol/g |
| Hur et al., 2013 (81) |
❖ Samples from 152 patients having undergone surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma |
❖ PDK-1 levels correlated with overall and progression-free survival |
| ❖ Samples stained for PDK-1 and subjected to glucose uptake and lactate production assays |
❖ In vitro levels of PDK-1 expression correlated with higher lactate production |
|
❖ 5-fluorouracil-mediated cell killing decreased PDK-1 expression which was correlated with decreased lactate production |
