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. 2019 Jun 20;7:164. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00164

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Copyright © 2019 Knight and Riley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Evolutionary clade 5. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on concatenated MLST allele sequences (seven loci, 3,501 bp) for 32 known clade 5 STs. For global phylogenetic context, well-characterized representatives of major MLST clades C1 (ST54, RT012), C2 (ST1, RT027), C3 (ST22, RT023), and C4 (ST37, RT017) are also shown. Branches for clade 5 are shown in red. The inset box highlights major ST11 RT sublineages of clinical and agricultural/livestock importance with associated toxin gene profiles and graphical representation of 16s−23s rRNA PCR ribotyping banding patterns.