Table 3.

Anthropometric parameters in asymptomatic subjects before and after intervention.

	Body fat (%)		Fat free mass (kg)		BMI (kg/m2)		Phase angle (°)
	Placebo	Royal jelly	Placebo	Royal jelly	Placebo	Royal jelly	Placebo	Royal jelly
Initial	28.0±5.6	28.8±9.2	60.9±11.8	56.0±13.2	27.7±3.7	26.2±1.7	6.41±0.43	5.94±0.75
Week 4	27.8±5.4	27.6±9.7b	61.0±11.3	55.8±13.0	27.6±3.4	26.1±1.8	6.50±0.48	6.05±0.81b
Week 8	27.5±5.4	28.0±9.1	60.8±11.2	53.9±11.5	27.7±3.2	26.1±1.7	6.31±0.56	6.02±0.73a, b
F/U	27.8±5.2	26.8±9.8b	60.9±10.0	55.1±12.3	27.9±3.1	25.8±1.8a, b, c	6.29±0.50	6.11±0.71a, b

Abbreviations. BMI: body mass index; F/U: follow-up.

Values are expressed as means ± SD.

 ^a p-value denotes significant (p<0.05) difference between the changes from baseline on royal jelly vs. placebo.

 ^b p-value denotes significant (p<0.05) difference as compared with the initial within group using a paired t-test.

 ^c p-value denotes significant (p<0.05) difference between the two groups (royal jelly vs. placebo) at a given time point.