Samples	Enrich biobanks and registries
	Collect systematic samples of cases and controls defined by genotypes
	Increase inclusion of multiethnic samples
	Combine age-specific samples to construct life-span assessments
Phenotypes	Move beyond dichotomous classification
	Incorporate endophenotypes into genome-wide association studies
	Include multiple disorders in case–control studies to evaluate specificity
Measures	Augment clinical data with standardized supplementary measures of domains underlying mental disorders
	Collect repeated measures, including in-time mobile assessments when relevant
Study designs	Collect retrospective and prospective cohort studies
	Incorporate families in case–control and registry studies
Statistical methods	Include genes as independent variables: Mendelian randomization
	Calculate polygenic risk scores and genome-wide complex trait analysis
	Apply classification models to define phenotypic subtypes and overlap
	Employ models that incorporate clustering and specificity of genes and environmental exposures
Environmental factors	Stratify genetic case–control studies by environmental exposures
	Design studies that test specific vs general effects of environmental risk factors
	Identify “critical” timing environmental exposures
Collaborative efforts	Include epidemiologists in genomics collaborative networks
	Establish networks on relevant domains, including biobanks, registries, environmental exposures, treatment and prevention, neuroimaging, and behavioral measures