Table 2.
Pathogens detected in the 171 AMES cases by culture/PCR method
| Organisma | Blood | CSF | Totalc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| culture | PCR | LFAb | |||
| S. pneumoniae d | 7 | 9 | 3 | 11 | 14 |
| E. coli e | 12 | 8 | 2 | – | 15 |
| GBSf | 13 | 5 | 4 | – | 17 |
| H. influenzae | 0 | 0 | 1 | – | 1 |
| N. meningitidis | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | 1 |
| Othersg | 14 | 9 | – | – | 23 |
| enterovirus | – | – | 13 | – | 13 |
| HSV h | – | – | 3 | – | 3 |
| total | 47 | 31 | 27 | 11 | 85i |
-, not detected
a GBS, group B Streptococcus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; VZV, varicella zoster virus
b LFA, lateral flow assay
c A causative agent was defined by a positive result tested by any of the methods
d S. pneumoniae was isolated from both blood and CSF samples in 7 cases. Three pneumococcal cases were detected only by LAF due to the use of antibiotics before sampling
e E. coli was isolated from both blood and CSF samples in 5 cases
f GBS was isolated from both blood and CSF samples in 4 cases
g Others included 6 of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 2 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 1 Staphylococcus capitis isolate from CSF samples; and 3 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 Staphylococcus capitis, 2 Staphylococcus hominis, 1 Acinetobacter baumannii, 1 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 Candida famata, and 1 Enterococcus aerogenes isolate from blood samples
h The 3 isolates were typed using a commercial kit (Daan, China) and all were identified as HSV-1
i Recurrent and co-infection were excluded