Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 65–75 years old people from the four European cohorts
| Variable | ActiFE-ULM n = 450 | ELSA n = 1136 | InCHIANTI n = 470 | LASA n = 504 | Total n = 2560 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | |||||
| Functional decline at follow-up | 100 (22.2) | 272 (23.9) | 91 (19.4) | 109 (21.6) | 572 (22.3) |
| Sociodemographic variables | |||||
| Sex, female | 181 (40.2) | 553 (48.7) | 228 (48.5) | 252 (50.0) | 1214 (47.4) |
| Age, years | 70.4 ± 2.8 | 69.4 ± 3.1 | 69.6 ± 3.0 | 70.0 ± 3.1 | 69.7 ± 3.0 |
| Living alone | 74 (16.4) | 294 (25.9) | 61 (13.0) | 142 (28.2) | 571 (22.3) |
| Married | 346 (76.9) | 769 (67.7) | 349 (74.3) | 341 (67.7) | 1805 (70.5) |
| > 9 years formal education | 237 (52.7) | 895 (78.8) | 63 (13.4) | 234 (46.4) | 1429 (55.8) |
| Lifestyle and clinical variables | |||||
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never smoker | 230 (51.1) | 478 (42.1) | 238 (50.6) | 138 (27.4) | 1084 (42.3) |
| Former smoker | 186 (41.3) | 543 (47.8) | 139 (29.6) | 239 (47.4) | 1107 (43.2) |
| Current smoker | 34 (7.6) | 114 (10.0) | 93 (19.8) | 91 (18.1) | 332 (13.0) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| Never/< 1 month | 76 (16.9) | 276 (24.3) | 117 (24.9) | 78 (15.5) | 547 (21.4) |
| Low | 119 (26.4) | 412 (36.3) | 169 (36.0) | 247 (49.0) | 947 (37.0) |
| Moderate | 125 (27.8) | 213 (18.8) | 95 (20.2) | 41 (8.1) | 474 (18.5) |
| High | 130 (28.9) | 211 (18.6) | 87 (18.5) | 102 (20.2) | 530 (20.7) |
| Physical activity | |||||
| High | 141 (31.3) | 265 (23.3) | 39 (8.3) | 165 (32.7) | 610 (23.8) |
| Moderate | 143 (31.8) | 676 (59.5) | 203 (43.2) | 164 (32.5) | 1186 (46.3) |
| Low | 142 (31.6) | 195 (17.2) | 226 (48.1) | 169 (33.5) | 732 (28.6) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.9 ± 3.6 | 27.0 ± 3.8 | 27.4 ± 3.8 | 26.3 ± 3.5 | 27.0 ± 3.7 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHG | 100.2 ± 9.7 | 96.6 ± 11.7 | 104.5 ± 11.4 | 104.4 ± 14.1 | 100.3 ± 12.3 |
| Self-reported disease | |||||
| Cardiovascular | 68 (15.1) | 229 (20.2) | 29 (6.2) | 82 (16.3) | 408 (15.9) |
| Diabetes | 50 (11.1) | 71 (6.3) | 50 (10.6) | 24 (4.8) | 195 (7.5) |
| COPD | 7 (1.6) | 59 (5.2) | 36 (7.7) | 43 (8.5) | 145 (5.7) |
| Stroke | 8 (1.8) | 33 (2.9) | 16 (3.4) | 13 (2.6) | 70 (2.7) |
| Arthritis | 198 (44.0) | 288 (25.4) | 66 (14.0) | 172 (34.1) | 724 (28.3) |
| Cancer | 67 (14.9) | 87 (7.7) | 24 (5.1) | 53 (10.5) | 231 (9.0) |
| Depressive symptomsa | 18 (4.0) | 133 (11.7) | 94 (20.0) | 41 (8.1) | 286 (11.2) |
| Cognitive functionb | 29 (28–30) | 30 (26–33) | 27 (25–28) | 28 (27–29) | NA |
| Physical performance variables | |||||
| Unable to perform tandem stand for 10s | 26 (5.8) | 101 (8.9) | 42 (8.9) | 83 (16.5) | 252 (9.8) |
| Chair stands, s | 10.2 ± 3.2 | 11.3 ± 3.3 | 10.2 ± 2.4 | 11.7 ± 3.0 | 11.0 ± 3.2 |
| Gait speed, m/s | 1.12 ± 0.27 | 0.97 ± 0.26 | 1.29 ± 0.20 | 0.95 ± 0.24 | 1.01 ± 0.40 |
| Handgrip strength, kg | 36.1 ± 11.2 | 32.9 ± 10.0 | 33.9 ± 11.9 | 33.3 ± 10.2 | 33.8 ± 10.7 |
| Fall in prior 12 monthsc | 128 (28.4) | 248 (21.8) | 79 (16.8) | 138 (27.4) | 593 (23.2) |
BMI body mass index; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%) or median (IQR)
aDefined by validated cutoff score for Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale [25] (in ELSA, InCHIANTI, LASA) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale [26] (in ActiFE-ULM)
bAssessed with Mini-Mental State Examination [27] (range 1–30, in ActiFE-ULM, InCHANTI, LASA) or Cognitive Function Index [28] (range 0–44, in ELSA). Tertiles in harmonised analysis
cFall in prior 24 months in ELSA