Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Included Studies.
| Study | Year | Population (male/female) | Mean age (mean ± SD) | Time after transplant | Intervention | Comparator | Funding support |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized control trials | |||||||
| Sánchez-Escuredo et al | 2015 | 77 (19/58) |
Ibandronate: 63 ± 12 Risedronate: 64 ± 10 |
Ibandronate: 20 ± 8 months Risedronate: 18 ± 7 months |
Ibandronate 150 mg/month Vitamin D 800 IU CaCO3 2500 mg (n = 38) |
Risedronate 35 mg/wk Vitamin D 800 IU CaCO3 2500 mg (n = 39) |
NA |
| Okamoto et al | 2014 | 12 (8/4) |
Alendronate: 52.8 ± 12.6 Control: 52.9 ± 7.3 |
Alendronate: 59.6 ± 59.5 months Control: 45.3 ± 42.3 months |
Alendronate 35 mg/wk for 24 months (n = 5) |
No intervention (n = 7) |
MSD K.K. |
| Walsh et al | 2009 | 93 (69/24) |
Treatment: 46.1 ± 12.77 Control: 46.1 ± 12.93 |
0 | Pamidronate IV 1 mg/kg peri-op, 1, 4, 8 and 12
months CaCO3 500 mg Cholecalciferol 400 units (n = 46) |
CaCO3 500 mg Cholecalciferol 400 units (n = 47) |
Novartis |
| Lan et al | 2008 | 46 (19/27) |
Treatment: 40.2 ± 18.5 Control: 39.4 ± 17.3 |
Treatment: 25.9 ± 10.6 months Control: 27.1 ± 12.4 months |
Alendronate 70 mg/wk CaCO3 800 mg/d Calcitriol 0.25 µg/d (n = 23) |
CaCO3 800 mg/d Calcitriol 0.25 µg/d (n = 23) |
Not reported |
| Schwartz et al | 2004 | 19 (not reported) |
Not reported | 0 | Two infusions of 4 mg zoledronic acid at 2 weeks and 3
months posttransplant (n = 9) |
Placebo (n = 10) |
Not reported |
| Fan et al | 2003 | I26 (26/0) |
Treatment: 46.2 (21.1-67.1) Control: 41.5 (21.3-65) Mean age calculated with only patients with BMD measurements at 4 years |
Not reported | Pamidronate IV 0.5 mg/kg in 500 mL NS peri-op and at 1
month (n = 14) |
500 mL NS (n = 12) |
Not reported |
| Jeffrey et al | 2003 | 117 (97 completed treatment) (71/26) |
Treatment: 44.8 ± 11.6 Control: 45.9 ± 10.8 Mean age documented is at the time of transplant and calculated with only patients who completed treatment |
Treatment: 85.2 ± 62.4 months Control: 115.2 ± 81.6 months Mean duration calculated with only patients who completed treatment |
Alendronate 10 mg/d open label Calcium (unspecified dose) (n = 60) 46 completed treatment |
Calcitriol 0.25 µg/d Calcium (unspecified dose) (n = 57) 51 completed treatment |
Not reported |
| Koc et al | 2002 | 24 (17/7) |
Alendronate: 34.3 ± 8.9 Calcitriol: 40.5 ± 8.1 Control: 35.5 ± 8.4 |
Alendronate: 48.7 ± 50.1 months Calcitriol: 47.4 ± 46.4 months Control: 41.5 ± 37.1 months |
I1: Alendronate 10 mg/d Calcium 1000 mg/d (n = 8) I2: Calcitriol 0.5 µg/d Calcium 1000 mg/d (n = 8) |
Calcium 1000 mg/d (n = 8) |
Not reported |
| Observational studies | |||||||
| Naylor et al | 2014 | 326 (199/27) |
46.1 ± 12 | 6.12 (2.4-24) months | >90% bisphosphonates, nasal calcitonin, raloxifene, systemic estrogen | No control group | NA |
| Yamamoto et al | 2013 | 24 (12/12) |
52 ± 7.8 | 129.6 ± 40.8 months | Alendronate 35 mg/d | No control group | NA |
| Huang et al | 2012 | 76 (36/40) |
Treatment: Male: −51.9 ± 9.0 Female: −53.3 ± 8.8 Control: Male: −48 ± 10.4 Female: −49.7 ± 7.6 |
Treatment: Male: −103.7 ± 59.4 Female: −53.3 ± 8.8 Control: Male: −92 ± 68.1 Female: −61.4 ± 39.6 |
Alendronate 70 mg/wk (n = 34) |
No intervention (n = 42) |
NA |
| Conley et al | 2008 | 554 (320/234) |
Treatment: 45.9 ± 0.7 Control: 46.9 ± 0.2 |
Not reported | Bisphosphonate, type not described Calcium = 170 (71.1), Vitamin D = 35 (14.6), Active vitamin D = 11 (4.6) (n = 315) |
Calcium = 220 (69.8) (NS) Vitamin D = 83 (26.3) (P = .001) Active vitamin D = 39 (12.4) (P = .003) (n = 239) |
Not reported |
| Ahn et al | 2006 | 294 | Not reported | Within 1 month | Calcium Alfacalcidol or bisphosphonate (alendronate or risendronate) |
No intervention | Not reported |
| Cruz et al | 2002 | 58 (39/19) |
Treatment: 48.6 ± 2.0 Control: 46.2 ± 2.0 |
Treatment: 97.2 ± 8.4 months Control: 84 ± 10.8 months |
Alendronate 10 mg/d (n = 29) |
No intervention (n = 29) |
NCRR grant, National Kidney Foundation of Connecticut, NIH |
| Arlen et al | 2001 | 49 (29/20) |
Treatment: 41 ± 13 Control: 42 ± 12 |
Treatment: 10.4 ± 5.2 months Control: 10.8 ± 4.5 months |
Etidronate disodium 400 mg for 2 weeks out of every
12 CaCO3 (n = 3) Calcitriol (n = 4) (n = 25) |
No intervention CaCO3 (n = 3) Calcitriol (n = 8, P < .03) (n = 24) |
Not reported |
| Tillmann et al | 2001 | 60 (24/36) |
Treatment: 47.9 ± 13.4 Control: 45.7 ± 11.4 Mean age documented is at the time of transplant |
Treatment: 51 ± 61.4 months Control 59.6 ± 59.7 months |
Ibandronate 3 mg IV Q3 months (n = 30) |
No intervention (n = 30) |
None |
Note. IU = international unit; NA = not applicable; IV = intravenous; BMD = bone mineral density; NS = normal saline; NCRR = National Center for Research Resources; NIH = National Institutes of Health.