Table 5.

Regression analyses of clinical variables associated with PS in PD.

Independent significant covariates	OR (95%CI)	P-value
Mean age	1.027 (1.003–1.053)	0.030
LEDD	1.002 (1.001–1.002)	<0.001
UPDRS part III	1.060 (1.043–1.077)	<0.001

PD, Parkinson's disease; PS, Pisa syndrome; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily doses; UPDRS, Unified PD Rating Scale.

P-value was calculated from a binary regression analyses model, with age, age of onset, sex, disease duration, use of levodopa, use of dopaminergic agonist, use of amantadine, use of entacapone, LEDD, UPDRS part III score, motor fluctuation, the HAMD score, the HAMA score and the MoCA “abstraction” subscore were included as co-variables, and presence/absence of PS was set as dependent variable.