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The schematic diagram indicating the development of TLO in the chronic inflammatory conditions. Chronic inflammation leads to activation of innate and adaptive immune cells (such as macrophages, neutrophil, T-, and B-cells) in the inflamed tissue. Multiple chemokines (such as CXCL12, CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21) are released by activated local stromal cells to recruit T-, B-cells, and DCs for TLO formation with distinct B cell zone and T cell zone.
