Table 1.

Baseline characteristics and treatment-as-usual (TAU) for the study participants.

ID	Age (year)	Sex	Dialysis period (year)	Chronic pain	Analgesic(s)	Physical therapy	Complaint(s)
A	60	Female	16.8	Shoulder, knee	Compresses	Xenon	Difficulty with housekeeping
B	62	Female	27.8	Shoulder, knee	Loxoprofen compresses	Xenon	Difficulty with housekeeping Difficulty and disability with home activity
C	59	Female	28	Shoulder, back, chest	Loxoprofen compresses	Xenon	Difficulty with housekeeping Difficulty and disability with home activity Disability of body movement
D	62	Female	34.3	Shoulder, knee, back, hip joint	Loxoprofen compresses	Xenon Hot pack Exercise therapy	Difficulty with housekeeping Disability of home activity
E	62	Female	34.8	Shoulder, knee, back	Loxoprofen compresses	Xenon Hot pack Exercise therapy	Difficulty with housekeeping Disability of home activity Difficulty with sleeping during dialysis

All participants received their usual care for existing pain, although its effectiveness was uncertain. All staff agreed that patients needed pain care additional to their usual treatment.

Xenon light refers to permeable, near-infrared wavelengths used for light therapy for living organisms. The use of photodynamic therapy relieves pain by improving blood flow.