FIGURE 1.

Venere mud volcano (MV) location, bathymetry, and sampling areas. (A) Venere MV lies offshore Calabria, Italy in the Mediterranean Sea. (B) AUV-derived bathymetry of Venere MV (1.6 m grid) showing Eastern and Western summits, ring faults along the caldera rim, five sites of observed gas seepage (orange stars), and locations of cores at seep site 1 and at a non-seep reference site to the southeast. Data from Loher et al. (2018a). (C) Zoomed-in view of the Venere MV western summit showing locations of gravity and push cores (circles and diamonds, respectively) collected for microbiological sampling. The extent of two recently extruded mud breccia flow deposits are shown with older deposits outlined in gray, underlying younger deposits delineated in white. Maps are modified with permission from Loher et al. (2018a).