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. 2010 Jan 18;171(5):583–592. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp415

Table 2.

Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality Associated With a Decrease in Hormone Level Equal to the Difference Between the 90th and 10th Percentilesa for Follow-up Between Study Baseline and Year 9, NHANES III, United States, 1988–2006

All-Cause Mortality (n = 103 Events)
 Cardiovascular Disease Mortality (n = 42 Events)
 Cancer Mortality (n = 28 Events)
HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI
Testosterone
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 0.97 0.61, 1.56 1.26 0.79, 2.03 0.42 0.05, 3.25
    Multivariable adjustedb 1.13 0.73, 1.76 1.41 0.77, 2.55 0.89 0.26, 2.99
    Multivariable and hormone adjustedc 1.18 0.68, 2.03 1.07 0.76, 1.53 1.08 0.65, 1.80
Estradiol
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 1.20 0.69, 2.08 2.11 1.42, 3.14 0.54 0.13, 2.28
    Multivariable adjustedb 1.52 0.99, 2.33 2.82 1.62, 4.90 0.96 0.34, 2.74
    Multivariable and hormone adjustedc 1.21 0.72, 2.01 2.40 1.46, 3.95 0.97 0.39, 2.44
AAG
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 0.67 0.32, 1.42 0.97 0.36, 2.64 0.86 0.38, 1.91
    Multivariable adjustedb 0.60 0.23, 1.54 0.93 0.32, 2.75 0.68 0.21, 2.19
Free testosterone
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 1.33 1.11, 1.59 1.45 1.13, 1.87 1.19 0.76, 1.86
    Multivariable adjustedb 1.43 1.09, 1.87 1.53 1.05, 2.23 1.07 0.72, 1.58
Bioavailable testosterone
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 1.41 1.19, 1.67 1.54 1.18, 2.00 1.31 0.93, 1.83
    Multivariable adjustedb 1.52 1.15, 2.02 1.63 1.12, 2.37 1.12 0.79, 1.60
Free estradiol
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 1.80 1.24, 2.59 2.51 1.85, 3.41 1.42 0.48, 4.21
    Multivariable adjustedb 1.41 0.75, 2.64 3.22 2.30, 4.51 1.77 0.66, 4.71
SHBG
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 0.22 0.07, 0.71 0.24 0.10, 0.54 0.13 0.01, 1.95
    Multivariable adjustedb 0.49 0.17, 1.41 0.23 0.09, 0.57 0.26 0.00, 44.3
    Multivariable and hormone adjustedc 0.65 0.24, 1.79 0.22 0.10, 0.49 0.21 0.01, 4.61
Estradiol:testosterone ratio
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 1.14 0.73, 1.78 1.08 0.54, 2.19 1.48 0.54, 4.08
    Multivariable adjustedb 1.10 0.65, 1.87 1.01 0.44, 2.34 1.08 0.48, 2.42
Testosterone:SHBG ratio
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 1.53 1.25, 1.87 1.66 1.33, 2.07 1.45 1.01, 2.08
    Multivariable adjustedb 1.61 0.97, 2.66 1.73 1.22, 2.43 1.51 1.05, 2.17
Estradiol:SHBG ratio
    Age and race-ethnicity adjusted 3.41 1.92, 6.06 4.70 3.01, 7.32 3.19 0.68, 14.91
    Multivariable adjustedb 1.55 0.66, 3.68 5.97 3.63, 9.81 2.83 0.44, 18.10

Abbreviations: AAG, androstanediol glucuronide; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NHANES III, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin.

a

The 10th and 90th percentile values—total testosterone: 3.2 ng/mL, 8.0 ng/mL; estradiol: 24.8 pg/mL, 52.0 pg/mL; AAG: 5.5 ng/mL, 22.9 ng/mL; free testosterone: 0.06 ng/mL, 0.16 ng/mL; bioavailable testosterone: 1.4 ng/mL, 3.9 ng/mL; free estradiol: 0.6 pg/mL, 1.4 pg/mL; SHBG: 19.8 nmol/L, 59.1 nmol/L; estradiol to testosterone ratio: 4.8, 11.7; testosterone to SHBG ratio: 0.3, 0.9; and estradiol to SHBG ratio: 1.9, 7.4.

b

All-cause mortality models were adjusted for age (spline), race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other), smoking status (never, former, current), tertile of pack-years of smoking, household income (</≥$20,000), education (</≥high school), alcohol consumption (</≥1 drink a week), exercise (none/1–2/≥3 times a week), and percent body fat (continuous). Cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality models were adjusted for age (spline), race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other), smoking status (never, former, current), tertile of pack-years of smoking, and percent body fat (continuous).

c

Models for testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG were further mutually adjusted.