Table 3.
Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for All-Cause Mortality, by Tertile of Hormones, in Adult Men in NHANES III Followed up Between Study Year 9 and Year 18, United States, 1988–2006
| Tertile 1 |
Tertile 2 |
Tertile 3 | P-Trend | |||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | ||
| Testosterone, ng/mL | <4.5 | 4.5–6.2 | ≥6.3 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 0.69 | 0.30, 1.61 | 0.34 | 0.19, 0.60 | 1.00 | 0.57 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 0.74 | 0.35, 1.60 | 0.36 | 0.19, 0.68 | 1.00 | 0.64 |
| Multivariable and hormone adjustedb | 0.72 | 0.26, 2.00 | 0.35 | 0.15, 0.81 | 1.00 | 0.65 |
| Estradiol, pg/mL | <32.0 | 32.0–40.7 | ≥40.8 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 0.69 | 0.34, 1.39 | 0.98 | 0.56, 1.73 | 1.00 | 0.26 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 0.85 | 0.41, 1.77 | 1.14 | 0.59, 2.18 | 1.00 | 0.67 |
| Multivariable and hormone adjustedb | 0.85 | 0.33, 2.17 | 1.14 | 0.51, 2.55 | 1.00 | 0.90 |
| AAG, ng/mL | <9.5 | 9.5–15.2 | ≥15.3 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 1.24 | 0.60, 2.54 | 1.60 | 0.79, 3.21 | 1.00 | 0.56 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 1.10 | 0.57, 2.13 | 1.37 | 0.71, 2.63 | 1.00 | 0.81 |
| Free testosterone, ng/mL | <0.09 | 0.09–0.13 | ≥0.14 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 0.74 | 0.26, 2.10 | 1.50 | 0.63, 3.57 | 1.00 | 0.25 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 1.00 | 0.40, 2.51 | 1.94 | 0.96, 3.91 | 1.00 | 0.55 |
| Bioavailable testosterone, ng/mL | <2.1 | 2.1–3.0 | ≥3.1 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 0.77 | 0.21, 2.84 | 1.57 | 0.61, 4.07 | 1.00 | 0.32 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 1.12 | 0.38, 3.35 | 1.98 | 0.93, 4.22 | 1.00 | 0.68 |
| Free estradiol, pg/mL | <0.81 | 0.81–1.05 | ≥1.06 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 0.51 | 0.25, 1.05 | 0.60 | 0.36, 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.04 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 0.71 | 0.37, 1.36 | 0.69 | 0.33, 1.45 | 1.00 | 0.27 |
| SHBG, nmol/L | <27.7 | 27.7–42.4 | ≥42.5 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 1.31 | 0.60, 2.85 | 1.18 | 0.61, 2.25 | 1.00 | 0.48 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 1.02 | 0.53, 1.98 | 1.10 | 0.62, 1.94 | 1.00 | 0.86 |
| Multivariable and hormone adjustedb | 1.11 | 0.53, 2.33 | 1.18 | 0.58, 2.40 | 1.00 | 0.57 |
| Estradiol:testosterone ratio | <6.3 | 6.3–8.2 | ≥8.3 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 0.74 | 0.36, 1.51 | 0.72 | 0.41, 1.27 | 1.00 | 0.34 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 0.88 | 0.49, 1.57 | 0.79 | 0.44, 1.45 | 1.00 | 0.50 |
| Testosterone:SHBG ratio | <0.45 | 0.45–0.64 | ≥0.65 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 0.44 | 0.16, 1.22 | 0.77 | 0.27, 2.20 | 1.00 | 0.06 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 0.64 | 0.28, 1.46 | 0.94 | 0.39, 2.27 | 1.00 | 0.22 |
| Estradiol:SHBG ratio | <3.0 | 3.0–4.7 | ≥4.8 | |||
| Age and race-ethnicity adjusted | 0.61 | 0.28, 1.35 | 0.66 | 0.40, 1.11 | 1.00 | 0.23 |
| Multivariable adjusteda | 0.87 | 0.48, 1.59 | 0.82 | 0.51, 1.33 | 1.00 | 0.66 |
Abbreviations: AAG, androstanediol glucuronide; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NHANES III, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin.
Adjusted for age (spline), race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other), smoking status (never, former, current), tertile of pack-years of smoking, household income (</≥$20,000), education (</≥high school), alcohol consumption (</≥1 drink a week), exercise (none/1–2/≥3 times a week), and percent body fat (continuous).
Models for testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG were further mutually adjusted (categorized in tertiles).