TGF-β1 prevents AβO-induced memory impairment. Vehicle (A), AβO (B), or TGF-β1+AβO (C) were infused intracerebroventricularly in mice. After 48 h, animals were submitted to behavior assays, crossing (A), rearing (B), and recognition memory of objects (C, D). TGF-β1 significantly prevented the cognitive impairment triggered by AβO. *p < 0.001; n = 7–9, Student's t test comparing the mean exploration time for each object with the fixed value of 50%.