Figure 5.

A, Voxels in the bilateral amygdala with significantly stronger activity during the threat versus the safe cue for subjects with higher childhood maltreatment scores (p < 0.005 uncorrected for illustrative purposes). B, Correlation for the bilateral amygdala (red) and BNST (blue) defined anatomically to avoid inflated correlation due to non-independence (Kriegeskorte et al., 2009; Vul et al., 2009). The correlation was significantly stronger in the amygdala (see Results section for statistics). Nonparametric Spearman rank correlations are reported here to protect against the impact of extreme values. Median split analysis (C) demonstrated that only subjects with relatively high childhood maltreatment scores showed amygdala BOLD increases during shock anticipation. BNST BOLD increases occurred in both groups. Note: maltreatment scores were only available in Sample 1. Error bars represent SEM. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.