Figure 1.

Experimental design and behavioral data. Left, Examples of the face stimuli used in the experiment. Columns indicate the neutral and fearful emotion conditions. Rows indicate the three spatial frequency conditions: BSF, LSF, and HSF. Right, Dot plots of each participant's gender judgment score for normalized accuracy (top) and reaction time (bottom). Black represents BSF. Red represents LSF. Blue represents HSF. Each spatial frequency column contains a pair, where the left series represents neutral (N) expressions and the right series represents fearful (F) expressions. Error bars indicate standard error. *p < 0.05.