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. 2017 Sep 20;37(38):9197–9206. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3916-16.2017

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Time course of the main experimental protocol. On separate days (24 h apart), participants performed an acquisition and a retention session of a visuomotor adaptation task. In RampAdapt, a CCW visuomotor rotation was gradually introduced at the rate of 1° per cycle from 1° to 25° over 25 cycles (250 trials). In HoldAdapt, the rotation was held at 25° CCW for 25 additional cycles (250 trials). Participants were separated into three groups and received (or not) TMS pulses in different phases of the acquisition session. Participants of the NoTMS group (n = 14) did not receive TMS during acquisition. Participants of the RampTMS (n = 14) and HoldTMS groups (n = 13) received single-pulse TMS over M1 after each trial of either the RampAdapt or HoldAdapt phase, respectively. Participants of the PMdTMS group (n = 14) received single-pulse TMS over the PMd after each trial of the HoldAdapt phase. The retention session was used to assess consolidation. The NoVision phase was performed without visual feedback of the hand. The Re-exp phase consisted of the reexposure to the 25° CCW rotation, whereas the De-adapt phase was performed with veridical (i.e., nonrotated) visual feedback of the hand.