Figure 5.

Kisspeptin-evoked Ca²⁺ plateaus require multiple Ca²⁺ pathways. A, Representative ΔF/F GCaMP6s traces showing the response to 1 min, 200 nm kisspeptin puff in GnRH neuron nerve terminals in the presence of various antagonists. Gray bar represents kisspeptin puff duration. B, Summary data showing the mean ± SEM plateau response across different drug conditions (plateau response taken as the average ΔF/F during the last 60 s of the trace). Control, n = 13; TTX, n = 11; CdCl_2, n = 8; ω-conotoxin GVIA (Cono), n = 14; 2-APB, n = 9; FFA, n = 11; CPA, n = 11. *p < 0.05. C, Diagram and representative on-cell recording for experiments where kisspeptin was puffed at different distances along the GnRH neuron dendron as it projects toward the median eminence. Arrowhead indicates onset of kisspeptin puff. D, Graph plotting the average increase in spiking activity (measured in a 5 min bin before and after kisspeptin) versus the distance along the dendron where the puff was applied (n = 18 different cells).