Goal-directed learning-related brain activation in the SC group (Experiment 1). A, Contrast between cue-outcome standard and incongruent trials produced activation in the vmPFC (MNI coordinate: 3, 54, −15). B, Parameter estimates of the peak voxel in the vmPFC for contrast [standard > incongruent]. C, Contrast between cue-outcome congruent and incongruent trials produced activation in the vmPFC (MNI coordinate: 3, 45, −9). D, Parameter estimates of the peak voxel in the vmPFC for contrast [incongruent > incongruent]. *p < 0.05, compared with incongruent trials. n = 22.