Experiment 1: voluntary movements. Group-average, rectified HBR waveforms (left) and the group-average HBR amplitudes (right, AUC, mV × ms) in the up-moving (A) and down-moving (B) conditions in the three stimulation positions: far (α1), intermediate (α2), and near (α3). Black dots indicate group-average AUC values in the corresponding static condition. Error bars indicate standard error. **p < 0.01.