Table 1.
Participants' demographic and clinical dataa
| Patients |
Controls |
Group difference (p) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age (yr) | 61 | 5.4 | 61 | 7.6 | 0.86 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 | 3.7 | 25 | 3.9 | 0.27 |
| Education (yr) | 15 | 4.1 | 16 | 4.0 | 0.18 |
| Income (in 1000$/year) | 44 | 24 | 40 | 28 | 0.62 |
| IPAQ score (MET, minutes/week)b | 2831 | 3717 | 2735 | 2912 | 0.92 |
| GMV (ml) | 595 | 42 | 578 | 32 | 0.12 |
| White matter volume (ml) | 481 | 56 | 467 | 38 | 0.29 |
| CSF (ml) | 230 | 37 | 227 | 34 | 0.76 |
| Total volume (ml) | 1307 | 100 | 1273 | 82 | 0.19 |
| Time since diagnosis (yr) | 9 | 8 | NA | NA | |
| Symptom duration (yr) | 16 | 9 | NA | NA | |
| Current pain level (1–10) | 4.8 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 1 | <0.001 |
| BDI score (1–63) | 16 | 10 | 4 | 4 | <0.001 |
| HADS score (1–42) | 16 | 6 | 6 | 4 | <0.001 |
| PCS score (1–52) | 22 | 13 | 7 | 9 | <0.001 |
| FIQ score (1–100) | 51 | 18 | 7 | 8 | <0.001 |
aBMI, Body mass index; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; FIQ, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; NA, not applicable. Brain volumes were derived from native space. Total volume refers to gray matter + white matter + CSF. FIQ is based on questions, such as “Were you able to do laundry with a washer and dryer (in the past week)?” Therefore, the FIQ can be completed by control participants.
bMET, Metabolic equivalent intensity levels (median); 1 MET is considered a resting metabolic rate obtained during quiet sitting. Participants were on average minimally active.