Orientation decoding accuracy, averaged across all 4 subjects and 15 orientation pairs. Chance performance is 50%. Error bars indicate between-subjects SEM. A, Decoding accuracy for V1 and the V1 ROI defined as the subset of V1 voxels responsive to the stimulus location (for voxel counts, see Table 1) used in all subsequent analyses. B, Orientation decoding as a function of the stimulus region (stimulus edges or middle of grating). Because of the cortical magnification factor, the number of voxels in each ROI falls off systematically from the inner to outer stimulus edge. To equate ROI size, 50 voxels were resampled from each ROI 100 times to compare decoding performance for equal ROI sizes (dark red bars).