Table 2.
Factors associated with use of at least one dose of IPTp-SP
| Predictor | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Age of mother (years) | ||||
| 12–19 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 20–29 | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.25) | 0.044 | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) | 0.999 |
| 30–39 | 1.22 (1.09 to 1.37) | 0.001 | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.25) | 0.485 |
| ≥40 | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.31) | 0.242 | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.24) | 0.959 |
| Household size | ||||
| One member | 1 | 1 | ||
| Small | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) | 0.350 | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.12) | 0.939 |
| Medium | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.97) | 0.010 | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.11) | 0.795 |
| Large | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.03) | 0.120 | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.19) | 0.698 |
| Education | ||||
| None | 1 | 1 | ||
| Primary | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.16) | 0.220 | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.13) | 0.803 |
| Middle/JHS | 1.18 (1.07 to 1.30) | 0.001 | 1.08 (0.95 to 1.22) | 0.227 |
| Secondary+ | 0.99 (0.84 to 1.16) | 0.874 | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.03) | 0.101 |
| Religion | ||||
| Christian | 1 | 1 | ||
| Muslims | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.96) | 0.005 | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.95) | 0.003 |
| Traditional | 1.02 (0.81 to 1.29) | 0.844 | 1.20 (0.93 to 1.53) | 0.158 |
| No religion | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.02) | 0.091 | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.15) | 0.771 |
| First pregnancy | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.93) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.002 |
| Use of ITNs | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.10) | 0.624 | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.15) | 0.261 |
| Number of ANC visits | ||||
| 0 or 1 visit | 1 | |||
| 2–4 visits | 8.71 (7.71 to 9.82) | <0.001 | 8.87 (7.80 to 10.08) | <0.001 |
| 5 or more visits | 5.48 (4.88 to 6.15) | <0.001 | 5.22 (4.60 to 5.92) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Akan | 1 | 1 | ||
| Northern Tribes | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.02) | 0.128 | 1.05 (0.93 to 1.18) | 0.475 |
| Mo | 1.18 (1.03 to 1.35) | 0.020 | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.39) | 0.021 |
| Others | 0.92 (0.79 to 1.07) | 0.295 | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.12) | 0.456 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married | 1 | 1 | ||
| Married | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.18) | 0.012 | 1.01 (0.92 to 1.11) | 0.842 |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | 1 | |||
| More poor | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.17) | 0.374 | 1.11 (0.98 to 1.26) | 0.099 |
| Poor | 1.08 (0.96 to 1.21) | 0.182 | 1.09 (0.96 to 1.24) | 0.171 |
| Less poor | 1.07 (0.96 to 1.20) | 0.218 | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.22) | 0.299 |
| Least poor | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.16) | 0.608 | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.19) | 0.566 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 1 | 1 | ||
| Urban | 1.50 (1.39 to 1.63) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.42 to 1.72) | <0.001 |
| Year | ||||
| 2011 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2012 | 1.28 (1.14 to 1.43) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.10 to 1.41) | 0.001 |
| 2013 | 1.48 (1.32 to 1.66) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.32 to 1.70) | <0.001 |
| 2014 | 0.77 (0.69 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.64 to 0.81) | <0.001 |
| 2015 | 1.21 (1.08 to 1.36) | 0.001 | 1.19 (1.05 to 1.36) | 0.008 |
IPTp-SP, intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine.
ANC, antenatal care; JHS, junior high school; ITNs, insecticide-treated nets.