Table 1.

Additional compounds tested on P23H rhodopsin-transgenic X. laevis and results obtained

Compound	Category	Concentrations tested	n	p-valuea	Most effective concentration
VPA	MS, GSK3I, CC, HDACi	1, 3, 10 μmb	13–15	1.5 × 10−12	10 μm
Valpromide	MS, SA	0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 mm	6–11	NS	—
Valnoctamide	MS, SA	0.5 mm	10–15	NS	—
Lithium chloride	MS, GSK3I	0.3, 1 mmb	13–15	NS	—
Carbamazepine	MS	100 μmb	7–12	NS	—
4-PBA	CC	3, 10, 30 μmb	11–16	NS	—
Curcumin	CC	333 μmb	7–9	NS	—
Sodium butyrate	HDACi	10, 30, 100, 300 μmb	8–9	0.0022	300 μm
Vorinostat	HDACi	3, 10, 30, 100 μmb	6–7	0.007	30 μm
CI-994	HDACi	0.2, 0.6, 2, 6, 19, 37, 56 μmc	7–10	4.5 × 10−13	56 μmd

^ap-value associated with one-way ANOVA in an experiment comparable to that shown in Figure 1. For compounds tested at a single concentration, a t test (treated vs untreated) was used. p > 0.05, NS.

^bHigher concentrations were toxic.

^cHighest readily achievable concentration.

^dAlthough 56 μm resulted in the highest total rod opsin levels, it did show some toxicity, so 37 μm was used in Figure 5I–K.

SA, Structural analog of VPA; MS, mood stabilizer; CC, chemical chaperone; GSK3I, glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor.