| Age (years) |
linear effect |
348 |
|
0.98 (0.96–1.00) |
0.070 |
| Sex |
Female |
106 |
18 (17.0) |
1 |
0.917 |
|
Male |
242 |
40 (16.5) |
0.97 (0.53–1.78) |
|
| BMI Category |
> = 17kg/m2 |
162 |
16 (9.9) |
1 |
<0.001 |
|
<17kg/m2 |
141 |
18 (12.8) |
1.34 (0.65–2.73) |
|
|
Not assessable |
45 |
24 (53.3) |
10.43 (4.78–22.76) |
|
| MUAC Category |
Normal/mild undernutrition |
164 |
13 (7.9) |
1 |
<0.001 |
|
Moderate/severe undernutrition |
184 |
45 (24.5) |
3.76 (1.95–7.27) |
|
| Grip strength (kg) |
linear effect |
346 |
|
0.91 (0.88–0.94) |
<0.001 |
| % Body Fat |
linear effect |
335 |
|
0.94 (0.90–0.98) |
0.001 |
| Diabetic |
Non-diabetic (HbA1c<6.5%) |
283 |
48 (17.0) |
1 |
0.450 |
|
Diabetic (HbA1c> = 6.5% or on treatment) |
61 |
8 (13.1) |
0.74 (0.33–1.65) |
|
| HbA1c category |
Normal HbA1c (<6.5%) |
291 |
48 (16.5) |
1 |
0.426 |
|
Mild/Mod HbA1c (> = 6.5%-7.9%) |
24 |
2 (8.3) |
0.46 (0.10–2.02) |
|
|
Severe HbA1c (> = 8%) |
29 |
6 (20.7) |
1.32 (0.51–3.42) |
|
| Anaemia Status |
Non-Anaemic |
97 |
7 (7.2) |
1 |
0.001 |
|
Mild Anaemia (Hgb 11.0–12.9/11.0–11.9 g/dL [M/F]) |
94 |
15 (16.0) |
2.44 (0.95–6.29) |
|
|
Moderate Anaemia (Hgb 8.0–10.9 g/dL) |
108 |
21 (19.4) |
3.10 (1.26–7.67) |
|
|
Severe Anaemia (Hgb <8 g/dL) |
38 |
14 (36.8) |
7.50 (2.72–20.65) |
|
| HIV Status |
Negative |
116 |
6 (5.2) |
1 |
<0.001 |
|
Positive |
22 |
6 (27.3) |
6.88 (1.98–23.93) |
|
|
Unknown |
210 |
46 (21.9) |
5.14 (2.12–12.45) |
|
| Hospital Diagnosed TB |
No |
34 |
2 (5.9) |
1 |
0.051 |
|
Yes |
301 |
53 (17.6) |
3.42 (0.79–14.71) |
|
| Study Diagnosed TB |
No |
62 |
6 (9.7) |
1 |
0.085 |
|
Yes |
286 |
52 (18.2) |
2.07 (0.85–5.07) |
|
| Bacteriologically confirmed TB |
No |
167 |
19 (11.4) |
1 |
0.072 |
|
Yes |
151 |
28 (18.5) |
1.77 (0.94–3.33) |
|
| MDR TB |
No |
277 |
39 (14.1) |
1 |
0.761 |
|
Yes (Xpert Rif resist or on MDR-regimen) |
31 |
5 (16.1) |
1.17 (0.43–3.24) |
|
| Albumin (g/L) |
linear effect |
176 |
|
0.86 (0.80–0.92) |
<0.001 |
| Hypoalbuminemia (<20g/L) |
No |
119 |
10 (8.4) |
1 |
<0.001 |
|
Yes |
57 |
24 (42.1) |
7.93 (3.44–18.26) |
|
| C-reactive protein (mmol/L) |
linear effect |
274 |
|
1.07 (1.01–1.14) |
0.031 |
| C-reactive protein category |
<0.5 |
19 |
1 (5.3) |
1 |
0.374 |
|
0.5–16 |
220 |
34 (15.5) |
3.29 (0.43–25.47) |
|
|
>16.0 |
35 |
6 (17.1) |
3.72 (0.41–33.52) |
|
| Critical AST, ALT, creatinine, or blood urea nitrogena
|
No |
174 |
30 (17.2) |
1 |
0.056 |
|
Yes |
19 |
7 (36.8) |
2.80 (1.02–7.70) |
|
| Serum Potassium (mmol/L) |
linear effect |
307 |
|
0.69 (0.46–1.05) |
0.086 |
| Serum Sodium (mmol/L) |
linear effect |
305 |
|
0.94 (0.90–0.99) |
0.013 |
| Serum Chloride (mmol/L) |
linear effect |
305 |
|
0.98 (0.93–1.03) |
0.408 |
| Serum Phosphate (mmol/L) |
linear effect |
303 |
|
2.60 (1.42–4.76) |
0.002 |
| Serum Magnesium (mmol/L) |
linear effect |
303 |
|
5.93 (0.48–72.84) |
0.163 |
| Serum corrected Calcium (mmol/L) |
linear effect |
303 |
|
0.72 (0.15–3.32) |
0.70 |
| Any Critical Electrolyteb
|
No |
214 |
22 (10.3) |
1 |
0.196 |
|
Yes |
53 |
16 (30.2) |
3.77 (1.81–7.86) |
<0.001 |
| Clinical diagnosis CAP |
No |
114 |
3 (2.6) |
1 |
|
|
Yes |
221 |
52 (23.5) |
11.38 (3.47–37.36) |
<0.001 |
