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. 2019 Jun 12;11(1):41–58. doi: 10.5195/ijt.2019.6260

Table 4.

Comparisons of Treatment Outcomes among Participants in CBMT across the Three Time Points of the Study (n=26)

Variable Baseline 4th week 8th week Statistics p-value
Parametric variable† χ̄±SD χ̄±SD χ̄±SD F
Pain intensity
 Current 5.00 ± 1.96a 3.42 ± 0.86b 1.54 ± 1.24c 58.798 0.001
 Average 5.31 ± 1.44a 3.46 ± 1.07b 1.77 ± 0.91c 139.21 0.001
 Least 2.62 ± 1.27a 1.23 ± 1.07b 0.35 ± 0.69c 85.571 0.001
 Worst 7.08 ± 1.41a 4.58 ± 1.17b 3.04 ± 1.08c 163.188 0.001
 QVAS score 57.9 ± 14.0a 38.2 ± 8.12b 21.2 ± 9.66c 138.715 0.001
Activity limitation 11.8 ± 4.78a 6.38 ± 3.02b 2.50 ± 1.72c 125.265 0.001
Back muscles endurance 20.4 ± 12.8a 29.1 ± 12.8a 35.4 ± 11.4b 101.397 0.001
General health status
Scale
 Physical Functioning 22.3±22.7 58.3±21.2 69.9±18.3 76.455 0.001
 Role Limitation-physical 97.3 ±9.51a 77.1 ± 9.00b 89.2 ± 16.5c 7.500 0.011
 Bodily Pain 58.7 ± 24.1a 79.0 ± 13.5b 89.5 ± 14.5b 26.543 0.001
 Health Perception 40.4 ± 26.0a 71.0 ± 26.0a 82.7 ± 14.1 67.957 0.001
 Energy/Vitality 94.6 ± 12.8a 70.4 ± 12.8a 69.0 ± 11.4b 67.857 0.001
 Social Functioning 90.4 ± 12.4a 78.8 ± 9.20 b 76.9 ± 6.79b 29.167 0.001
 Role Limitation-emotional 94.6 ± 12.9a 70.4 ± 12.9b 69.0± 11.4 67.857 0.001
 Mental Health 70.8 ±13.7a 65.9 ± 13.6b 70.8 ± 4.25c 37.559 0.001
Domain
 Mental Health 69.9 ± 8.70a 71.9 ± 7.38b 75.9 ± 6.42c 11.747 0.001
 Physical Health 64.2 ± 10.4a 72.4 ± 7.32a 80.1 ± 7.04b 41.684 0.001
Non-parametric variable‡ Mean rank Mean rank Mean rank χ2
Participation restriction 24.1a 26.1b 25.0c 59.769 0.001
†

Parametric test - ANOVA (F-ratio) and LSD post-hoc multiple comparison;

‡

Non-Parametric test - Friedman’s ANOVA (χ2) and Wilcoxon signed ranked test

Superscripts (a,b,c). For a particular variable, mean values with different superscript are significantly (p<0.05) different. Mean values with same superscripts are not significantly (p>0.05) different. The pair of mean values that are significantly different have different superscripts assigned to them.

Key: χ̄ = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; QVAS = Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale