Table 1:
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of CTAAC cohort
| Variable | HIV-infected (N = 204) | Controls (N = 44) | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years: Mean (SD) | 10.38 (0.88) | 10.38 (1.09) | −.01 | .99 |
| Gender: Male/Female | 100/104 | 20/24 | .43 | .67 |
| Ethnicity: Black African/Other | 187/17 | 44/0 | −1.99 | .05 |
| Home language: isiXhosa/Other | 182/20 | 42/2 | 1.12 | .26 |
| Education in years: Mean (SD) | 3.20 (1.13) | 3.39 (1.35) | .96 | .34 |
| Repeated grades: YES/NO | 121/83 | 18/26 | −2.24 | .02* |
| Annual household income <R5000a | 20.3% | 27.3% | −.72 | .47 |
| Ophanhoodb | 71 (35%) | 6 (14%) | 3.13 | .00* |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Weight in kg | 30.79 (7.26) | 36.79 (11.26) | 4.45 | .00 |
| Height in cm | 133.82 (7.72) | 138.59 (8.76) | 3.62 | .00* |
| Head circ in cm | 52.93 (2.14) | 53.61 (3.07) | 1.78 | .08 |
| Tanner’s staging | ||||
| Breast develop. | 1.53 (.74) | 1.87 (.61) | 2.11 | .04* |
| Pubic hair | 1.29 (.58) | 1.58 (.93) | 1.99 | .05 |
| Testes growth | 1.11 (.34) | 1.15 (.37) | .53 | .60 |
| Caregiver depression | 16.7 (12.44) | 11.18 (10.900) | −2.41 | .01* |
| Family Resources | 79.94 (21.76) | 77.20 (18.41) | −.77 | .44 |
| Family Support | 30.18 (14.97) | 28.63 (10.72) | −.65 | .52 |
| Family Assets | 9.5 (2.9) | 7.9 (2.7) | −3.36 | .00* |
| LEQc | 8.28 (6.06) | 9.03 (6.93) | −.49 | .63 |
| HIV-related stigma: Mean (SD; n=185)d | 1.08 (0.23) | |||
| ART regimen: First/Second/Third line | 163/32/9 | |||
| Duration of ART: mean years (SD) | 7.18 (2.46) | |||
| Age of initiation: mean years (SD) | 3.41 (2.53) | |||
| Adolescent report of missed ART dose(s) during previous 30 days (n=182) | 49 (27%) | |||
| Caregiver reports that adolescent missed ART dose(s) during previous 30 days | 38 (19%) | |||
| Viral load median (copies/mL) | 0(40) | |||
| CD4 count mean (cells/mm3) | 953 |
NOTES:
a:
annual household income brackets: R0-R5000 / R5001+. The percentage presented above represents the percentage of participants who earn less than R5000 per annum. The Dollar exchange rate on 04/08/2017 is $1 = R13.33.
b:
For this study orphanhood was defined as the loss of both biological parents.
c:
Life Events Questionnaire.
d:
HIV-related stigma questions rated between 1=Not at all and 3=All the time.
e:
Adherence-related difficulties rated between 1=Extremely hard and 5=Not hard at all.