Figure 1. Tissue ILCs limit inflammation and promote restoration.

ILCs serve as central mediators limiting inflammation from infectious and environmental triggers. Dietary as well as neuronal factors coordinate the response of ILC2s and ILC3s in the lamina propria. LTi cells play a critical role in restoring lymphoid tissue following viral infection. AREG, IL-22, and PCTR1 promote tissue repair and limit the impact of inflammation in the tissue. AIEC, adherent-invasive E. coli; GFL, GDNF family ligands; SMC, smooth muscle cell.