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. 2019 Jun 17;129(7):2824–2840. doi: 10.1172/JCI120261

Figure 3. GDNF attenuated inflammation-induced effects in Caco2 cells.

Figure 3

(A) In TER measurements application of TNF-α resulted in reduction of TER which was attenuated by simultaneous application of GDNF (n = 6 experiments for each condition). *P < 0.05 compared with control; unpaired t test for each time point. (B and C) Permeability measurements across Caco2 DSG2+/+ (B) and Caco2 DSG2–/– (C) were carried out under the different conditions, and permeability coefficient (PE) was calculated (ordinary 1-way ANOVA; n = 8–10 for each condition). (D) Immunostaining was performed in Caco2 cells for DSG2 and for cytokeratin 18. Images are representative of n = 6 experiments. Scale bar is 20 μm in the left (overview) and 5 μm in the right panels. (E) Western blot analyses were performed in Caco2 cells for p38 MAPK, cytokeratin 18, and cytokeratin 8 and their phosphorylated forms (n = 6). *P < 0.05 versus control; #P < 0.05 versus TNF-α (ordinary 1-way ANOVA). (F and G) Dispase-based enterocyte dissociation assays were performed in Caco DSG2+/+ transfected with nonsense plasmids or Caco2 DSG2–/– (n = 6 for each condition; ordinary 1-way ANOVA). OD values normalized to β-actin or to total p38 MAPK, cytokeratin 18, or cytokeratin 8 are indicated below the Western blots.